Law Factual Summary

Factual Summary Susie is a minor, who choose to meet friends at a park at 1 1 pm, when the city law clearly states that a curfew is enforced for anyone after 1 1 pm in the park. Officer ruthless enforced the law, but and the law also states that a person can ride In back of a camper with no seat belt. Jerry a minor with little to no driving knowledge skills was giving Susie and Kathy a ride. The total time from the Incident to when the truck got In accident was 1 hour and a half, Susie lived a mile from the park.The officer loud of either escorted Susie home thus not causing the Incident, or let her walk. But In the end each person Is entitled to their mistakes. Legal Issues In the case of Susie v City of Elsewhere and Officer Ruthless, Is It negligence In the part of Susie and her friends knowing that they were violating the 1 1 :Mom curfew for being In the park? Was Officer Ruthless also at fault for neglecting the comment that Susie stated to him, â€Å"she only lived a few block s from the park†, and not escorting or letting her go home to prevent the accident?The final questions, I as a Judge would ask, is during the one and half hour time span from when the minors were told to leave the park by Officer Ruthless, What events occurred to make the driver get in an accident? Did the minors partake in illegal activities, I. E. Drinking and driving, or illegal drugs? Was there a toxicology report filed from the scene of the crime? There are many avenues of approach that I as a Judge would need to know such as reports to properly handle and file who is at fault in this case.Without the actual evidence from both sides, it will be unclear to know who is liable and who is not. Legal Concept This case is based on the legal concept of minors breaking the law, which in this matter was the 1 1 :Mom curfew. They had known of this law and yet morally choose not to obey it, and instead of going home as instructed by Officer Ruthless, Susie Marks, and her two friends decided to hang out for another hour and a half, thus resulting in the accident. In the state which this case is filed in, the law states it is k to have a passenger ride in the cab of the truck without a settable.Certain laws need to be revamped since this is clearly now a safe way to transport passengers, especially after midnight, when most accidents tend to occur. Analysis/Conclusion With properly reading the statements from both Susie Marks and Officer Ruthless, It Is clear that even though the Officer had told all the parties involved with Susie to leave, they choose to do other activities not relating to the park. The City of Elsewhere and Officer Ruthless cannot be at fault for the time between 1 1 :MOM and the time of the accident.The officer did his Job by obeying the laws and guidelines and Susie and her friends clearly did what they wanted to and as a result got Involved In the accident. Justice is blind but It Is the duty of each Individual to look out for one another In the Interest of life. Negligence on Susie Marks and her friends' behalf led to the accident. Law Factual Summary By greengrocery's ruthless enforced the law, but and the law also states that a person can ride in back was giving Susie and Kathy a ride.The total time from the incident to when the truck to in accident was 1 hour and a half, Susie lived a mile from the park. The officer could of either escorted Susie home thus not causing the incident, or let her walk, but in the end each person is entitled to their mistakes. Legal Issues In the case of Susie v City of Elsewhere and Officer Ruthless, is it negligence in the part of Susie and her friends knowing that they were violating the 1 1 :Mom curfew for being in the park? Was Officer Ruthless also at fault for neglecting the comment especially after midnight, when most accidents tend to occur.Analysis/Conclusion With properly reading the statements from both Susie Marks and Officer Ruthless, it is clear that even though the Off icer had told all the parties involved with Susie to and Officer Ruthless cannot be at fault for the time between 1 1 :MOM and the time of and her friends clearly did what they wanted to and as a result got involved in the accident. Justice is blind but it is the duty of each individual to look out for one another in the interest of life. Negligence on Susie Marks and her friends' behalf led

Marketing Sample

Canada is among the leading countries in economic production.   Since its industrialization, much has been achieved from the economic sector especially through manufacturing industries.   Butter fat, Sugars and alcohol could not complete diet until when some foods in Ball Park of 100grams of fat per 750ml bottle, cream liqueur was introduced in the market.   The cream liqueur industries sales in seasons where by the peak is around October, November and December holidays which are the perfect holiday treat- permitted during the gluttony of the season. These sale seasons are cut back after New Year resolution kicks in (Bender & Bender, 1995). Yet even in a climate of health conscious consumerism, cream liqueur sales continues to hold their own. In terms of market growth per year, the liqueur distributing brand reports a 1.7 per cent increment in its sales as compared with the previous 12 months, while   connect logistics in Alberta reports a   0.9 per cent increase for the same period. In some parts like Alberta, the figures are deceptive however, not included in the statistics but can be roughly half of cream liqueurs that benefits from a lower tax rate by being classified in the category with alcohol lender 17 percent.   This category division exists only in Alberta whose flagship cream liqueur lowered its alcohol content in order to distribute within the province.   Research shows that while the average consumer will not be able to detect the decreased alcohol, the price differential will be noticed. Canada has been unique in labeling restrictions which require liqueurs to have a minimum of 22 per cent alcohol.   This has in turn improved their sales both in quality and quantity.   It also implies that most cream liqueurs are actually classified as liquors in Great White, North.   In terms of sales this Canadian company maximizes its sales through selling predominantly on quality basis unlike other companies which attract customers through bargain of prices. This is why the industries continue to grow despite an influx of new products within the category.   The cream liqueur company has widely diversified its production because about 61 cream liqueurs products are in the market. Within the category, however, many agents agree Irish creams have the most staying power, while flavored cream come and go. Their products have fetched market even with international countries which is evident by Highwood distilleries whose sales of flavored creams have been dismissal and Highwood will be discontinuing their maple and chocolate Rose creams. Similarly, mountain crest is phrasing out its just deserts and fruits cream lines.   On the other hand, category leaders of cream liqueurs continue to have a strong presence in the market. Some other products like true Irish creams are made from Irish Whisky where the term often refers to any whisky based cream liqueur like Kemper’s Bavarian Cream made in Germany. Baileys original Irish Cream is still leading the park as number one selling brand in the world.   Launched in Dublin in 1974, Bailey was the very first commercially produced cream liqueur. Corolans Irish Cream Liqueur is ranked as the second best selling Irish Cream liqueur, both globally as well as in Western Canada.   Carolans is known for its honey taste and boosts lower price than its leading competitor. Amarula Cream, selling within the top four cream liqueurs in both Alberta and British Columbia, South Africa reported international volume growth of 12.7% in 2004.   This distell, is recognized for its environmental policies including elephant conservation initiatives (Bender & Bender 1995). References: Bender D and Bender A, (1995). A   Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Oxford, New York.   

Prospectus of bsrm steels limited Essay

Declarations and due diligence certificates Declaration about the responsibility of the Directors including the CEO of the Company in respect of the prospectus Consent of the Directors to Serve Declaration about filing of prospectus with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies & Firms Due Diligence Certificate of Manger to the Issue Due Diligence Certificate of the Underwriter(s) Risk factors & management perceptions about the risks Capital structure Use of IPO proceeds Description of business Back ground of the project Important date Nature of business Principal products and services The Rolling Process Market for the BSRMS Products Relative contribution to income Associate subsidiary/related holding company Distribution of products/services Sources and availability of raw materials and principal suppliers Competitive condition of business Sources of and requirement for power, gas and water or any other utilities Customer providing 10% or more revenues Contract with principal customers and suppliers Material patents, trademarks, license or royalty agreements Number of employees (as per audited accounts) Capacity and current utilization of facility Description of property Financial Condition and Plan of Operation Internal and external sources of fund (as per audited accounts) Material commitment for capital expenditure Causes for material changes Seasonal aspect of the Company’s business Known trends, events or uncertainties Change in the assets of the Company used to pay off any liabilities Loan taken from holding/parent company or subsidiary company Loan given to holding/parent company or subsidiary company Future contractual liabilities Future capital expenditure VAT, income tax, customs duty or other tax liability Operating lease agreement Financial lease and other financial commitment Personnel related scheme Revaluation of assets Breakdown of issue expenses Auditors certificate regarding any allotment of shares to promoters or Sponsor shareholders for consideration other than in cash -5- Page No 7 7 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 Issuer Issue Managers  ¦  ¦  ¦ Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited Item Transactions with subsidiary/holding company or associate companies Material information which is likely to have an impact Directors and officers Information regarding directorship Directors involvement in other organization Family relationship among directors and top five officers Short bio-data of the directors Credit information Bureau (CIB) report Description of senior executive and departmental heads Involvement of Directors and officers in certain legal proceedings Certain Relationships and Related Transactions Transaction with related parties Directors facilities Executive compensation Remuneration paid to top five salaried officers Aggregate amount of remuneration paid to directors and officers (as audited accounts) Remuneration paid to Director who was not an officer Future compensation to Director or officers Pay increase intention Options granted to Directors, officers and employees Transaction with the Directors and subscribers to the Memorandum Tangible assets per share Ownership of the Company’s securities Composition of Shareholders Share hold by Directors Shareholding structure 5% or more as on 30 April 2008 Securities owned by the officers Determination of offering price Market for the securities being offered Declaration about listing of shares with Stock Exchange Trading and settlement Description of Securities outstanding or being offered Dividend, voting, pre-emption rights Conversion and liquidation rights Dividend policy Other rights of shareholders Debt securities Lock-in on sponsors share Refund of subscription money Subscription by and refund to non-resident Bangladeshi (NRB) Availability of securities Offer Application for subscription Allotment Underwriting of shares Principal terms and conditions of underwriting agreement Underwriter’s right to represent in the Board of Directors of the Company Auditors report to the shareholders Audited Financial Statements Auditors report under section 135(1), Para 24(1) of part II of schedule III to Companies Act, 1994 Ratio Analysis Additional disclosures as required by Securities and Exchange Commission Credit rating report of BSRMS Application forms -6- Page No 23 23 23 23 24 25 26 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 36 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 38 39 40 54 55 57 59 76 Issuer Issue Managers  ¦  ¦  ¦ Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited Disclosure in respect of issuance of security in Demat Form As per provision of the Depository Act, 1999 and regulations made there under, shares will only be issued in dematerialized condition. All transfer/transmission/splitting will take place in the Central Depository Bangladesh Ltd. (CDBL) system and any further issuance of shares (right/bonus) will be issued in dematerialized form only. Conditions under Section 2CC of the Securities and Exchange Ordinance, 1969 Part A 1. The company shall go for Initial Public Offer (IPO) for 20,00,000 ordinary shares of Taka 100 (taka one hundred) each at par worth Taka 20,00,00,000 (Taka twenty crore) only following the Securities and Exchange Commission (Public Issue) Rules, 2006, the Depository Act, 1999 and regulations made there under. 2. The abridged version of the prospectus, as approved by the Commission, shall be published by the issuer in four national daily newspapers (in two Bangla and two English), within 03 (three) working days of issuance of this letter. The issuer shall post the full prospectus vetted by the Securities and Exchange Commission in the issuer’s website and shall also put on the websites of the Commission, stock exchanges, and the issue managers within 03 (three) working days from the date of issuance of this letter which shall remain posted till the closure of the subscription list. The issuer shall submit to SEC, the stock exchanges and the issue managers a diskette containing the text of the vetted prospectus in â€Å"MS -Word† format. 3. Sufficient copies of prospectus shall be made available by the issuer so that any person requesting a copy may receive one. A notice shall be placed on the front of the application form distributed in connection with the offering, informing that interested persons are entitled to a prospectus, if they so desire, and that copies of prospectus may be obtained from the issuer and the issue managers. The subscription application shall indicate in bold type that no sale of securities shall be made, nor shall any money be taken from any person, in connection with such sale until twenty five days after the prospectus has been published. 4. The company shall submit 40 (forty) copies of the printed prospectus to the Securities and Exchange Commission for official record within 5 (Five) working days from the date of publication of the abridged version of the prospectus in the newspaper. 5. The issuer company and the issue managers shall ensure transmission of the prospectus, abridged version of the prospectus and relevant application forms for NRBs through e-mail, simultaneously with publication of the abridged version of the prospectus, to the Bangladesh Embassies and Missions abroad and shall also ensure sending of the printed copies of abridged version of the prospectus and application forms to the said Embassies and Missions within five working days of the publication date by express mail service (EMS) of the postal department. A compliance report shall be submitted in this respect to the SEC jointly by the issuer and the issue managers within two working days from the date of said dispatch of the prospectus & the forms. 6. The paper clipping of the published abridged version of the prospectus, as mentioned at condition 2 above, shall be submitted to the Commission within 24 hours of the publication thereof. 7. The company shall maintain separate bank account(s) for collecting proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and shall also open FC account(s) to deposit the application money of the Non-Resident Bangladeshis (NRBs) for IPO purpose, and shall incorporate full particulars of said FC account(s) in the prospectus. The company shall open the abovementioned accounts for IPO purpose; and close these accounts after refund of over-subscription. Non- Resident Bangladeshi (NRB) means Bangladeshi citizens staying abroad including all those who have dual citizenship (provided they have a valid Bangladeshi passport) or those, whose foreign passport bear a stamp from the concerned Bangladesh Embassy to the effect that no visa is required to travel to Bangladesh. 8. The issuer company shall apply to all the stock exchanges in Bangladesh for listing within 07(seven) working days from the date of issuance of this letter and shall simultaneously submit the vetted prospectus with all exhibits, as submitted to SEC, to the stock exchanges. 9. The following declaration shall be made by the company in the prospectus, namely: â€Å"Declaration about Listing of Shares with the Stock Exchange(s): None of the stock exchange(s), if for any reason, grants listing within 75 days from the closure of subscription, any allotment in terms of this prospectus shall be void and the company shall refund the subscription money within fifteen days from the date of refusal for listing by the stock exchanges, or from the date of expiry of the said 75 (seventy five) days, as the case may be. In case of non -refund of the subscription money within the aforesaid fifteen days, the company directors, in addition to the issuer company, shall be collectively and severally liable for refund of the subscription money, with interest at the rate of 2% (two percent) per month above the bank rate, to the subscribers concerned. -7- Issuer Issue Managers  ¦  ¦  ¦ Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited The issue managers, in addition to the issuer company, shall ensure due compliance of the above mentioned conditions and shall submit compliance report thereon to the Commission within seven days of expiry of the aforesaid fifteen days time period allowed for refund of the subscription money. † 10. The subscription list shall be opened and the sale of securities commenced after 25 (twenty five) days of the publication of the abridged version of the prospectus and shall remain open for 5 (Five) consecutive banking days. 11. A non-resident Bangladeshi shall apply either directly by enclosing a foreign demand draft drawn on a bank payable at Dhaka, or through a nominee by paying out of foreign currency deposit account maintained in Bangladesh or in Taka, supported by foreign currency encashment certificate issued by the concerned bank, for the value of securities applied for through crossed bank cheque marking â€Å"Account Payee only†. The NRB applicants shall send applications to the issuer company within the closing date of the subscription so as to reach the same to the company by the closing date plus nine days. Applications received by the company after the above time period will not be considered for allotment purpose. 12. The company shall apply the spot buying rate (TT clean) in US Dollar, UK Pound Sterling and Euro of Sonali Bank, which shall be mentioned in the Prospectus, as prevailed on the date of opening of the subscription for the purpose of application of the NRBs and other non-Bangladeshi persons, where applicable. 13. The company and the issue managers shall ensure prompt collection/clearance of the foreign remittances of NRBs and other non-Bangladeshis, if applicable, for allotment of shares. 14. Upon completion of the period of subscription for securities the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly provide the Commission and the stock exchanges with the preliminary status of the subscription within 05 (five) working days, in respect of the following matters, namely: (a) Total number of securities for which subscription has been received; (b) Amount received from the subscription; and (c) Amount of commission paid to the banker to the issue. 15. The issuer and the issue managers shall jointly provide the Commission and the stock exchanges the list of valid and invalid applicants in 2 (two) CDs and final status of subscription to the Commission within 3 (three) weeks after the closure of the subscription along with bank statement (original), branch-wise subscription statement. The list of valid and invalid applicants shall be finalized after examination with the CDBL in respect of BO accounts and particulars thereof. 16. The IPO shall stand cancelled and the application money shall be refunded immediately (but not later than 5 (Five) weeks from the date of the subscription closure) if any of the following events occur: (a) Upon closing of the subscription list it is found that the total number of valid applications (in case of under subscription including the number of the underwriter) is less than the minimum requirement as specified in the listing regulations of the stock exchange(s) concerned; or (b) At least 50% of the IPO is not subscribed. 17. 10% of total public offering shall be reserved for non-resident Bangladeshi (NRB) and 10% for mutual funds and collective investment schemes registered with the Commission, and the remaining 80% shall be open for subscription by the general public. In case of under subscription under any of the 10% categories mentioned above, the unsubscribed portion shall be added to the general public category and, if after such addition, there is over subscription in the general public category, the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly conduct an open lottery of all the applicants added together. 18. All the applicants shall first be treated as applied for one minimum market lot of 50 shares worth Tk. 5000/-. If, on this basis, there is over subscription, then lottery shall be held amongst the applicants allocating one identification number for each application, irrespective of the application money. In case of over-subscription under any of the categories mentioned hereinabove, the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly conduct an open lottery of all the applications received under each category separately in presence of representatives from the issuer, the stock exchanges and the applicants, if there be any. 19. An applicant cannot submit more than two applications, one in his/her own name and another jointly with another person. In case an applicant makes more than two applications, all applications will be treated as invalid and will not be considered for allotment purpose. In addition, whole or part of application money may be forfeited by the Commission. -8- Issuer Issue Managers  ¦  ¦  ¦ Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited 20. The primary shares allotted to an applicant through IPO may be forfeited by SEC, if the BO account of the said applicant is found closed at the time of allotment of shares. All IPO applicants are required to keep their BO accounts operational till allotment of IPO shares. 21. Lottery (if applicable) shall be held within 4 (four) weeks from closure of the subscription date. 22. The company shall issue share allotment letters to all successful applicants within 5 (five) weeks from the date of the subscription closing date. Within the same time, Refund to the unsuccessful applicants shall be made in the currency in which the value of securities was paid for by the applicants without any interest through Account Payee Cheque/ refund warrants with bank account number, bank’s name and Branch as indicated in the securities application forms payable at Dhaka/ Chittagong/ Khulna/ Rajshahi/ Barisal/ Sylhet/ Bogra, as the case may be subject to condition 19 above. Refund money of the unsuccessful applicants shall be credited directly to their respective bank accounts with in 5 (five) weeks from the date of the subscription closing, who have mentioned in the IPO application forms, bank account numbers with the bankers to the issue and other banks as disclosed in the prospectus. A compliance report in this regard shall be submitted to the Commission within 6(six) weeks from the date of closure of subscription. 23. The company shall furnish the List of Allotees to the Commission and the stock exchange(s) simultaneously in which the shares will be listed, within 24 (twenty four) hours of allotment. 24. In the event of under-subscription of the public offering, the unsubscribed portion of securities shall be taken up by the underwriter(s) (subject to para -16 above). The issuer must notify the underwriter to take up the underwritten shares within 10 (ten) days of the subscription closing date on full payment of the share money within 15(fifteen) days of the issuer’s notice. The underwriter shall not share any underwriting fee with the issue managers, other underwriters, issuer or the sponsor group. 25. All issued shares of the issuer at the time of according this consent shall be subject to a lock – in period of three years from the date of issuance of prospectus or commercial operation, whichever comes later: Provided that the persons, other than directors and those who hold 5% or more, who have subscribed to the shares of the company within immediately preceding two years of according consent, shall be subject to a lock -in period of one year from the date of issuance of prospectus or commercial operation, whichever comes later. 26. Either a Jumbo Share (one for each of the existing Sponsors/ Directors/ Shareholders) in respect of the shares already issued shall be issued covering together respective total holding, which shall contain the expiry date of lock-in period or Sponsors/Directors/Promoters/Shareholders’ shareholding shall be converted into demat form but shall be locked-in as per the condition at para-25 above. 27. In case of Jumbo Share Certificate issued to the existing Sponsors/ Directors/Shareholders, the said share certificates shall be kept under custody of a security custodian bank registered with SEC during the lock-in period. The name and branch of the bank shall be furnished to the Commission jointly by the issuer and the issue managers, along with a confirmation thereof from the custodian bank, within one week of listing of the shares with the stock exchange(s). 28. In case of dematerialization of shares held by the existing Sponsors/ Directors/Shareholders, the copy of dematerialization confirmation report generated by CDBL and attested by the managing director of the company along with lock-in confirmation shall be submitted to SEC within one week of listing of the shares with the stock exchange(s). 29. The company shall apply to the stock exchanges for listing within 7(seven) working days of issuance of this letter and shall simultaneously submit to the Commission attested copies of the application filed with the stock exchanges. 30. The company shall not declare any benefit other than cash dividend based on the financial statement for the period ended December 31, 2007. Part-B 1. The issue managers (i. e. , Alliance Financial Services Limited and South Asia Capital Limited) shall ensure that the abridged version of the prospectus and the full prospectus is published correctly and in strict conformity without any error/omission, as vetted by the Securities and Exchange Commission. 2. The issue managers shall carefully examine and compare the published abridged version of prospectus on the date of publication with the copy vetted by SEC. If any discrepancy/inconsistency is found, both the issuer and the issue managers shall jointly publish a corrigendum immediately in the same newspapers concerned, simultaneously endorsing copies thereof to SEC and the stock exchange(s) concerned, correcting the discrepancy/inconsistency as required under ‘Due Diligence Certificates’ provided with SEC. -9- Issuer Issue Managers  ¦  ¦  ¦ Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited 3. Both the issuer company and the issue managers shall, immediately after publication of the prospectus and its abridged version, jointly inform the Commission in writing that the published prospectus and its abridged version are verbatim copies of the same as vetted by the Commission. 4. The fund collected through IPO shall not be utilized prior to listing with stock exchange and that utilization of the said fund shall be effected through banking channel, i. e. through account payee cheque, pay order or bank drafts etc. 5. The company shall furnish report to the Commission on utilization of IPO proceeds within 15 days of the closing of each quarter until such fund is fully utilized, as mentioned in the schedule contained in the prospectus, and in the event of any irregularity or inconsistency, the Commission may employ or engage any person, at issuer’s cost, to examine whether the issuer has utilized the proceeds for the purpose disclosed in the prospectus. 6. All transactions, excluding petty cash expenses, shall be effected through the company’s bank account(s). 7. Proceeds of the IPO shall not be used for any purpose other than those specified in the prospectus. Any deviation in this respect must have prior approval of the shareholders in the General Meeting under intimation to SEC and stock exchange(s). 8. The company shall remove the restrictive clauses regarding issuance & transfer of shares and grouping of shares from its Articles of Association. Part C 1. All the above conditions imposed under section 2CC of the Securities and Exchange Ordinance, 1969 shall be incorporated in the prospectus immediately after the page of the table of contents, with a reference in the table of contents, prior to its publication. 2. The Commission may impose further conditions/restrictions etc. from time to time as and when considered necessary, which shall also be binding upon the issuer company. Part D 1. As per provision of the Depository Act, 1999 and regulations made there under, shares will only be issued in dematerialized condition. All transfer/transmission/splitting will take place in the Central Depository Bangladesh Ltd. (CDBL) system and any further issuance of shares (including right/bonus) will be made in dematerialized form only. An applicant (including NRB) shall not be able to apply for allotment of shares without beneficial owner account (BO account). 2. The issue managers shall also ensure due compliance of all above. GENERAL INFORMATION Alliance Financial Services Limited (AFSL) and South Asia Capital Limited (SACL) have prepared the prospectus from information supplied by BSRM Steels Limited (the Issuer Company) and also after several discussions with the Chairman, Managing Director, Directors and concerned executives of the company. BSRM Steels Limited, Alliance Financial Services Limited and South Asia Capital Limited collectively and individually, having made all reasonable inquiries, confirm that to the best of their knowledge and belief, the information contained herein is true and correct in all material aspects and that there are no other material facts, the omission of which, would make any statement herein misleading. No person is authorized to give any information or to make any representation not contained in this Prospectus and if given or made, any such information and representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the company or Alliance Financial Services Limited and South Asia Capital Limited. The Issue as contemplated in this prospectus is made in Bangladesh and is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of Bangladesh. Forwarding this prospectus to any person resident outside Bangladesh in no way implies that the issue is made in accordance with the laws of that country or is subject to the jurisdiction of the laws of that country. A copy of this prospectus may be obtained from the Corporate Head Office of BSRM Steels Limited, Alliance Financial Services Limited, South Asia Capital Limited, the Underwriters and the Stock Exchanges where the securities will be traded. – 10 – Issuer Issue Managers  ¦  ¦  ¦ Alliance Financial Services Limited BSRM Steels Limited South Asia Capital Limited Declarations and Due Diligence Certificates Declaration about the Responsibility of the Directors, including the CEO of the Company â€Å"BSRM Steels Limited† in Respect of the Prospectus This prospectus has been prepared, seen and approved by us, and we, individually and collectively, accept full responsibility for the authenticity and accuracy of the statements made, information given in the prospectus, documents, financial statements, exhibits, annexes, papers submitted to the Commission in support thereof, and confirm, after making all reasonable inquiries that all conditions concerning this public issue and prospectus have been met and that there are no other information or documents the omission of which make any information or statements therein misleading for which the Commission may take any civil, criminal or administrative action against any or all of us as it may deem fit. We also confirm that full and fair disclosure has been made in this prospectus to enable the investors to make a well-informed decision f or investment. Sd/ Alihussain Akberali Chairman Sd/Zohair Taherali Director Sd/Aameir Alihussain Managing Director* Sd/Tehseen Zohair Taherali Director Sd/Sabeen Aameir Director Consent of the Directors to Serve We hereby agree that we have been serving as Directors of â€Å"BSRM Steels Limited† and confirm to continue to act as Directors of the Company. Sd/ Alihussain Akberali Chairman Sd/Zohair Taherali Director Sd/Aameir Alihussain Managing Director* Sd/Tehseen Zohair Taherali Director Sd/Sabeen Aameir Director * Mr. Aameir Alihussain is also a shareholder Director of the company. Declaration about filing of Prospectus with the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies & Firms A dated and signed copy of the Prospectus has been filed for registration with the Registrar of J

Can focussing on the individual patients needs and personalising their Essay

Can focussing on the individual patients needs and personalising their care plans improve recovery on acute mental health wards - Essay Example Patient needs are different, and different patient require different needs depending on their condition. Therefore, individualizing patient care helps the patient b taken care of in the right manner while receiving the best health services aiming at making the patient comfortable and recover well from an illness. Even though care in the delivery of nursing services is individualized, challenges still occur in the nursing practices in developing a personalized approach to the development of care plan. Therefore, in the process of improving the nursing services rendered to mental health patients, the nurses are required to assess comprehensively and respond to the users individualized service needs and the risks identified. Through actively engaging, the service users in developing nursing care plan that encompasses social, psychological, spiritual and physical needs reduces the risks from developing (Ervin 2006, pp.126–130). Nursing care plans are central components of nursing services being delivered to the users. In making and planning care of patients, nurses should adopt the provision of individualized care that is personalized. The consumers of the services, who are the patients, need to receive a copy if the care plans after they have participated in its development. The care plan should contain the patients views and what they would wish to receive as part of their care and be encouraged to sign it (Tsirintani et al. 2001, p.10). When service users are encouraged to participate and be at the center of developing nursing care and care through the approaches of care planning promotes patients empowerment and supports them through the recovery process. The centrality of care that is individualized in planning has a vital outcome in the services being received by the personalized care treatment and support. The process involves the assessment of the patients’ needs and the planning and delivery of care

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 13

Strategic Management - Essay Example Increase in vehicles in developing countries like Asia, Africa, Latin America regions overtakes the demand in US, Western Europe & Japan. China is the largest market in international market as the country develops as economic superpower in manufacture & fixed investing activity hub. Market develops in India, Thailand, Taiwan & Russia. Sales increases with good economic conditions & high income levels which lead to growth in manufacturing activity, boosting combined with the demand in bearing market. Australia & Canada is the most intensive user of bearing products which reflects the advanced industrial & technically nature of the economies. As bearing industry is rapidly increasing in the global market, developing countries like Russia, Japan etc, are importing the bearing products. Countries of Asia Pacific regions call for 42% of the total demand in the international market. Hence, in future also, bearing industry will be growing in the other developing regions of the world. Political - In political terms, bearing industry like Indian bearing industry collaborated with SKF so that the bearings made at India are exported to SKF and specialized bearings which are not manufactured in India are imported through the other industries. Without the bearing Industry, automobile sectors & industrial sectors will be at a loss. Due to the collaboration, friendly atmosphere develops between the nations. Economical - Duty rates are reduced therefore many countries like China, Russia, Eastern Europe dump their production at a low rate due to which price differs in local & international market by about 40-50%, which encourages imports. Demand of bearings in international market is projected to rise about 5% annually to about $ 40 billion in the year 2010. Technological - There are various types of bearings and technology to equip depends on the type of bearings. Specialized type of bearings is not manufactured in India

Consumer Privacy (Marketing Planning and Strategy) 2 Assignment

Consumer Privacy (Marketing Planning and Strategy) 2 - Assignment Example On the other hand, in the off-line sphere, the client has a chance to know the firm, personnel, or company that is on the receiving end as well as accepting or declining the idea to share their personal data. One can still argue that transmission of personal data in the offline world also travels by electronic means in numerous cases. For instance, the act of making a transaction with a credit card similarly involves data transmission electronically sometimes in the transaction. The difference is that the client is initially meddling with a firm or an individual. Although this does not alleviate the risks experienced by the consumer, it presents some real knowledge of the firm, or persons involved in the given transaction (Spiekermann, Grossklags & Berendt, 2001). From the above discussion, it is more rational to state that online world creates more privacy issues than offline. This is due to safety issues, since privacy information in a given database that was hacked or infiltrated might be utilized for criminal activities, a factor not possible in offline world (Ribbink et al, 2004). Spiekermann, S., Grossklags, J., & Berendt, B. (2001). E-privacy in 2nd generation E- commerce: privacy preferences versus actual behavior. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Electronic Commerce (pp. 38-47).

Portrayal Of Black Men In News Broadcasts In Relation To Popular Research Paper

Portrayal Of Black Men In News Broadcasts In Relation To Popular Culture In American Society - Research Paper Example It is therefore conclusive that the news affects and is affected by the dominant trends and affairs in the society. However, in the case of America, there is reason to suspect that some elements stereotypical and racism affects the objectivity of newscasters. Due to this, there are some trends in the media that portray Black men in a way that is often not clear and/or representative of the actual actions that occur in the wider society. This paper argues that the way Black men are portrayed by in the news media is strongly influenced by stereotypes amongst key players in the media as well as popular culture which has presented Black men as violent and a menace to society. Empirical Studies Research and studies have been carried out by various academics and stakeholders in the American society about the image that the news media presents of Black men. The dominant research in this area were conducted by two main figures, Entman and Romer. Entman discovered in his research that the dom inant image of Black men portrayed in the media is that of mug shots which indicates a Black man under restraint by a White police officer (330). On the other hand, White criminals who are featured in news are often shown with their past picture. This indicates that the White criminals are presented in a less harsh form whilst the Black criminal is presented as a dangerous handcuffed person who needs to be restrained because he is dangerous. Also, Entman identified that Black criminals are often presented in news without their names (342). This suggests that these Black men are seen to be just a part of a larger group of criminals who has just done what members of his group do – commit crime. On the other hand, White criminals are always presented under their individual names. This shows that the White community presents their criminals as persona non grata or persons who are singled out of their 'clean' society for inappropriate behavior to the group. Romer however conducted statistical research that led to interesting findings and conclusions that gave very different identifications to the whole idea of the way criminals of Black origins are presented in America. First of all, he identifies that Black men are thrice more likely to appear as criminal suspects and they are twice as likely not to appear as law enforcement officers (Harnett 110). This means that Black people are always seen as the bad guys. They are hardly seen as the law enforcement officers. In comparative studies, Romer identified that although 30% of homicide victims in Los Angeles are Blacks, they are seriously under-represented in police coverage of homicide victims. Most homicide victims who merit news exposure in LA are Whites (Harnett 110). Also, the American Bar Association recommends that the past crimes of suspects and victims must be aired to provide better discharge of justice in cases (Harnett 110). However, in real life, Black victims are likely to have their past criminal records disclosed through the media. This also shows that there is clear evidence that there is discrimination in the news. Whites dominate in the area of violence and felony in Los Angeles but only 20% of these crimes are ever aired on TV. Also, with a statistic of 59% of the police officers in LA being White, they are over-represented in media coverages because about 69% of police officers who appear in news broadcasts are

Virtue theory and abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtue theory and abortion - Essay Example I strongly support the idea that abortion is the best option for Rebecca. It was mentioned earlier that the theory of utilitarianism considers an action to be right if the chosen action can provide a person the best consequences that can make the person happy (Hursthouse 225). Since both persons are only 22 years of age, it is given that both Rebecca and Tobias are not ready to settle down and have a child. This brings out the question, what would really make Rebecca happy in life? Is it becoming a single mother? Or being able to pursue her career as a human rights lawyer? Abortion, based on the theory of utilitarianism, seems to be the best option for Rebecca. It was mentioned in the given case study that the relationship between Rebecca and Tobias were not based on sincerity and true love; but more on just sexual desires and pleasure. For this reason, continuing the pregnancy may not be the best action that will make Rebecca happy. Aside from not feeling ready to start a family, Rebecca refuses to raise a child without a husband to support her either financially or emotionally. The problem with Tobias is that is guy, given the young age, is also not determined or responsible enough to face his personal obligation as a father to Rebecca’s unborn child. Therefore, it is close to impossible that Rebecca would be able to raise the unborn child with Tobias. On the contrary becoming a human rights lawyer is what will make Rebecca happy in life. Therefore, it is just right for Rebecca to decide on having an abortion. Opponents can criticize my personal point-of-view using the theory of deontology. Basically, the theory of deontology considers an action to be right in case it strictly follows the basic moral principles of God or as required by the natural law (Hursthouse 234). In general, one of the common principles of God includes the idea that it is morally wrong to kill people. Within the

Is PPACA Constitutional Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is PPACA Constitutional - Assignment Example There are various initiatives that are part of the PPACA program. Majorly the concept of quality/cost as an initiative is designed to improve the quality of health services and at the same time lowering the costs to enable everyone to access Medicare. Improving the quality and reducing the cost will transform health care by changing how the patients receive Medicare in hospitals and also how the physicians in the hospital get compensated. According to this article, PPACA provides a perfect environment for a better healthcare in the future (Segal, 2009). Most important is the cost reduction by preventive care. In this, it has been noted that most a significant part of the bulk of health spending lies in the treatment as opposed to prevention. Thus OPTUM has been involved in a program to monitor patients and behaviorally influence them regarding their health. And owing to the benefits of large scale, providers have famed the work to OPTUM and this reduces the costs. The preventive care involves the employment, training new programs, development, job designs, and interfacing on the operational modality of the new department. Ethnic specialization is as well a good initiative. Ethnic specialization will help in lowering the total costs of variances that would bring in quality throughout the system. Different ethnicities possess different markers and attributes. The UHG has thus chosen to come up with initiatives to educate the communities and extract information from them. The data can hence be used for various analyses or even be provided as a service to the public. OPTUM will also take an initiative of helping providers and offering clinical services. In this, it shall aid providers who require HITECH funds through the provision of technological solutions to them; this shall include HER/EMR implementation organizations, prescription management, services such as payment or billing as well as collaborative technology payments.

Racial and Ethnic Groups Essay Example for Free

Racial and Ethnic Groups Essay There are three sociological perspectives of race and ethnicity which are functionalist, conflict, and labeling perspectives. The first one I will discuss is the functionalist perspective. The functionalist perspective emphasizes how the parts of society are structured to maintain its stability. As also described in the reading the functionalist approach is an approach, if an aspect of social life does not contribute to a society’s stability or survival, it will not be passed on from one generation to the next. The functionalist perspective thinks that racial hostility is hard to be admired but the functionalist would point out that it serves some positive functions from the perspective group of the racists as described. In the dominant group there are five functions that racial beliefs have for the dominant group. As described they are the following: 1. A society that practices discrimination fails to use the resources of all individuals. Discrimination limits the search for talent and leadership to the dominant group. 2. Discrimination aggravates social problems such as poverty, delinquency, and crime and places the financial burden of alleviating these problems on the dominant group. 3. Society must invest a good deal of time and money to defend the barriers that prevent the full participation of all members. 4. Racial prejudice and discrimination undercut goodwill and friendly diplomatic relations between nations. They also negatively affect efforts to increase global trade. 5. Social change is inhibited because change may assist a subordinate group. 6. Discrimination promotes disrespect for law enforcement and for the peaceful settlement of disputes. The second perspective is the conflict perspective which is the perspective assumes that the social structure is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups. As described in the reading society is a struggle between the privileged (the dominant group) and the exploited (the subordinate group). There is competition that takes groups between groups with unequal amounts of political and economic powers. A difference is that functionalists are not necessarily in favor of inequality; their approach is helps to understand why such systems persist as described. The subordinate group is criticized for its low status. The dominant group is responsible for subordination which is often ignored. The third approach is the labeling approach. The labeling theory which is described in the reading is a concept introduced by sociologist Howard Becker, is an attempt to explain why certain people are viewed as deviant and other engaging in the same behavior are not. As said in the reading a crucial aspect of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the prerogative of the dominant group to define society’s values. Minorities are believed to have the lack of ability to perform in important positions where subordinate group are locked into society’s inferior jobs. I feel that I can agree with the labeling perspective the most. The reason for this is that it still exists in today’s society. Companies are required to provide equal opportunity employment and cannot discriminate against religion, race, or age. We know that this is still not true. You see that most police officers and firefighters are still mostly men. You still see large amounts of families have stay at home mothers. Another example would believe that if a child is bad in school that it has to be his or her parents that make them that way. I believe that it truly is still an issue among individuals. Part II I choose African Americans and the creation of migration and the consequence of segregation. Migration is defined as a general term that describes any transfer of population. Segregation is described the physical separation of two groups, often imposed on a subordinate group by the dominant group. According to Wikipedia I choose The Great Migration. As described it was the movement of 2 million African American out of the Southern United States to the Midwest, Northeast, and West from 1910 to 1930. They migrated to escape racism and seek employment opportunities in industrial cities. When the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863 less than eight percent of the African American population lived in the northeastern or Midwestern U. S. As described, â€Å"Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population grew by about 40% in Northern states, mostly in the major cities. Cities such as Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Cleveland had some of the biggest increases in the early part of the century. Because changes were concentrated in cities, urban tensions rose as African Americans and new or recent European immigrants, both groups chiefly from rural societies, competed for jobs and housing with the white ethnic working class. Tensions were often most severe between ethnic Irish, defending their positions, and recent immigrants and blacks. † â€Å"African Americans moved as individuals or small family groups. There was no government assistance, but often northern industries, such as the railroads, meatpacking and stockyards, recruited people. The primary factor for migration was the racial climate and widespread violence of lynching in the South. In the North, they could find better schools and adult men could vote (joined by women after 1920). Burgeoning industries meant there were job opportunities. † (Wikipedia, 2010) This in turn caused African Americans to feel segregated and felt they had to be among other African Americans do to how they are treated. There were many fights and riots among different cultural groups due to segregation. Such as the example of African Americans who could not sit in the front of the bus because of their race. In today’s society this is ethnically not acceptable. References: Wikipedia. (2010, October 15). Wikipedia. org. Retrieved October 23, 2010, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American).

The Impact Of Advertising On The Mass Media Media Essay

The Impact Of Advertising On The Mass Media Media Essay With the social and economic development and frequent international cultural exchange, the traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television are going through a increasingly stable development in recent years. With the rapid development of high technology, Internet media is emerging as the fourth. These resulted in more frequent exchange of social information, and now advertisers have more convenient channels for their goods and services promotion. Mass media has become a major promotional platform for advertising; both news and advertising are interdependent and mutually compete for the TV broadcast time and newspaper pages published. Advertising development is bound to have increasingly important influence on the development of mass media. Firstly, this paper will outline the research background and rationale. Following this, it will explain the intention and the importance of the research. Then, it will explain the aim and the objectives of the research. Next, the paper will review previous literatures which are related to this study. This is followed by the methodology of the research. The paper will explain the resource, sampling and ethical considerations of the study orderly. Finally, it will make out the conclusion of the study. Background and research rationale Advertising is a particular need, since the production and exchange of goods, advertising had began to be used in the life. The worlds first ad is conducted by voice, also known as oral advertising, which is the most primitive sell advertising, which is characterized by simple forms of advertising in particular. Back in the early slave society of ancient Greece, people do the slave and livestock trade by public advocacy and yelling out the rhythmic ads. The invention of the printing press created a new era of advertising. In 1473, Britains first publisher, William à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Kanke Si printed a lot of publicity religious content of the print ads and posted them in the many streets in London; this is the first Western print advertising. In 1622, Nicholas Brown and Thomas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ke Qieer, who were both from the UK, founded the first English newspaper ¼Ã…’which was named Weekly News and was published in London. Since then, newspaper has become a main carrier of advertising. To the end of 1830, America has had about l200 pieces of newspapers, and 65 species of them are daily newspapers. Most or first full-page edition of many newspapers is advertising. 1830 -1850 is the penny press era, because the price is a penny foe each piece of newspaper. Due to the low price, the sales had increased, and the effectiveness of advertising had also been increased. While popular in the newspaper ads, magazine ads are increasing, and a large amount of advertising agencies and advertising companies showed up since then. With the development and popularization of radio and television, they became a major carrier of advertising, because they have benefits of quick spread, vivid images and a wide range covering, which are more easily to attract the attention of consumers. After the 1980s, with the rapid development and popular of electronic media, computer began to be used for advertising design and planning. With high-tech, advertising has become part of the information dissemination activities in our lives. Inevitably, the development of advertising caused a lot of impact on mass media, both positive and negative. Aim and Objectives The aim of this study is to find the impact of advertising on the development trends of mass media, there must be a very complicated relationship between advertising and news in the mass media, and as all known, news provide real and quick information to people, but the function of advertising is totally different, which will lead different impact on the mass media. This research is aimed to find out all the elements which cause these differences and the result in the final. This study will firstly introduce the original and historic development of advertising which takes the mass media as the major carrier, and then analyze the relationship between news and advertising on the aspects of their differences and common points, and find out how they influence mass media in different ways. In the following this study will explain the impact of advertising on the development trends of mass media, from both positive and negative aspects. Following suggestions which aim at improving the development of mass media will be given in the end of this study. Literature Review In the study The impact of Advertising on media bias, Esther Gal-or, Tansev Geylani and Tubapinar Yildirim (2010) investigated how and in what extent the advertising affected the extent of bias in the media. They believed that, when making choices on which media to do the advertising and how much they would like to pay for it, advertisers would evaluate both the size as well as the composition of the readership of the different medias, in this way, when the total ad spending to a fixed advertising costs, it can be used as a reference value, according to advertisers strengths and weaknesses to make the final choice. They stated that, Reasons for the existence of media bias range from journalists desire to enhance their career opportunities to medias incentive to increase audience ratings. In a recent paper by Mullainathan and Shleifer, a link is established between subscription fees and media bias. There are some people doubts the objectivity of the mass media when they are purchasing economic benefit. Serge Kasper (2008) pointed out in his weblog The Impact of Advertising on Society that, Critics has accused advertising companies of falsely using the power of sound and visual to convince unsuspecting buyers to purchase products that dont offer what they promise. John Harms from Southwest Missouri State University and Douglas Kellner (1990) from the University of Texas at Austin had cooperated a study Toward A Critical Theory of Advertising, in which that pointed out that The studies such as what stated before have explore how the mass media influenced by advertisers and business, which is reflected in news and cultural differences.. According to these previous studies, this point is almost inevitable. Chuck, Blore (2000), who is one of the partners of the advertising firm Chuck Blore Don Ruchman said that Advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from it. And this determined that the advertising is totally different from news in the function and purpose when they are televised or published. Shah (2008) stated that, Since the emergence of mass media, business is very natural to take them as channels and platforms to the promotion of products and services, there is nothing wrong in this point, because it makes the share of information and innovation come true and influence peoples daily life. Methodology Data Collection This paper studies the impact of advertising on the development trends of mass media, which requires doing some analysis on a common phenomenon for many advertising sector of media, and drawing basic conclusions. If only concrete on individual cases, apparently, the conclusion can not be representative of all media in common. In this article, I will collect enough detailed information, and the questionnaire will help the final conclusion to a large extent. All the previous studies about advertising and media, as well as their relationship will be taken as useful data, and they will be collected and analyzed in a scientific way. Questionnaire Interview In order to collect quantitative data for this study, this paper will use structured, close ended and five-point method to design questionnaire according to previous literatures. Before carrying on the questionnaire, this paper will try to summarize as more as possible previous study on the relevant topic, and analyze the information from different angles. A set of questions will be distributed to 10 people whose jobs are relevant to media or advertising and to another 10 who are common audiences and readers. Also there would be 2 open-ended questions and some interviews to those recipients. Through the questionnaire and interview, those aims are expected to be realized: 1. Is the advertising also an important information resource in the daily life? 2. Do people believe what the advertising tells about? 3. When the mass media provide time and space for the advertising, are they only pursuing economic benefit? 4. Will the advertising have negative influence on the reliability of mass media? 5. Is it reasonable to separate news and advertising in the media? All these questions above will be put into the questionnaires in detail, and the feedback will be gathered after the interviewees answering them, then the data will be summarized and the analysis will be make out, which will be helpful to the research of this topic. Timescale This study will be carried on from XXX. The total term approximately will be XXX weeks. The following will the various stages schedule of the work which is going to be done in the future. It will design the questionnaire of this study according to previous related literature from XXX to XXX. Moreover, this dissertation will implement pre-investigation to research the questions brought out in the above. It will implement converting data according to questionnaire, analyzing data, describing the results of analysis in XXX. It will gather all data together and write the draft of this study by the end of XXX. It will implement rectifying the dissertation and editing it according to standard format from XXX to XXX. Following this, it will make the final amendments and print the dissertation from XXX to XXX. This dissertation will be finished on XXX, 2010. The schedule arrangement will be carried on critically according to timescale.

Duties and responsibilities of a cabin crew

Duties and responsibilities of a cabin crew IN-FLIGHT MODULE Cabin crew is primarily aboard an aircraft for the safety and welfare of the passengers and for their comfort. If there were no services of food or drink during a flight, there would still have to be a minimum presence of cabin crew for safety, which is a legal requirement. (essence-learning.com, 2014) The role can be physically and emotionally demanding. Cabin crew are expected to deal with all passengers diplomatically, even when feeling the effects of travelling through time zones and spending extended periods of time on their feet. (targetjobs, 2014) Some of these roles include supplying passengers with newspapers, magazines and in-flight amusement, checking the state and provision of emergency equipment and information for passengers, demonstrating emergency equipment and safety procedures administering first aid and dealing with emergencies, greeting passengers as they board and exit the plane, showing passengers to their seats and providing special attention to certain passengers, such as the elderly or disabled and producing written flight reports after completing a journey. (targetjobs, 2014) As cabin crew, their responsibilities are to greet the passengers as they board the aircraft, direct them to their seats and ensure that the entire luggage is safety stored away in the overhead cabins. Once all the passengers are on board then the cabin crew demonstrate the emergency procedures whilst the plane is preparing for takeoff. During a flight thecrew membersassist passengers, make calls on behalf of the captain, serve food, drinks and sell duty free goods. (essence-learning.com, 2014) In case of emergencies, cabin crews are there to reassure passengers so that they follow the correct emergency procedures. The crew may have to deal with several emergencies such as cabin fires or first aid situations. At the end of a flight cabincrew membersare there to make sure that passengers disembark the aircraft safely. Thecrew membersare then asked to complete a written report that records all details of the flight. (Essence-Learning.com, 2014) Cabin crew also make periodic announcements to passengers about flight conditions and arrival times. They also make sure that passengers with special needs are cared for in an appropriate manner. (anon, 2014) The chain of command on any aircraft is; Captain First officer Cabin Manager Flight Attendant The overall responsibility for the safe operation of an aircraft and the safety of its passengers lies with the Captain, but you as operating crew are responsible to the Captain in being capable through your flight attendant training to be able to fulfill your safety responsibilities. (flight-attendant-careers.com, 2014) Within the cabin crew job market, airlines employ a vast number of people into cabin crew support roles. These support positions provide a great way to gain cabin crew experience, and learn about how the airline industry works. (cabincrew.com, 2014) Many airport-based ground staff performs these support roles. Jobs in the industry which fall into the category of cabin crew support include crew planning, crew control, human resources and crew training. There is a great deal of planning and scheduling work that goes into flights, so administration staff will be on hand to assist at pre-flight briefings, ensuring air cabin crew are being correctly assigned their working positions, and understand any changes to how the flight will be managed. (cabincrew.com, 2014) Airlines frequently use codes in the form of abbreviated words or letters. This list covers some of the most frequently used words. The following computer codes are used in messages from airlines: CHNT – Change Name To ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival FLTFO – Flight Info HTL Hotel MCO – Miscellaneous Charge Order NOSH – No show OW One-way PNR – Passenger Name Record RCFM Reconfirm SPAV – Space Available SSR – Special Service Request TKT Ticket WCHR Wheel Chair FLY Finley in Australia EVE Evenes in Norway TOY Toyama in Japan DAY Dayton in Ohio, United States NYC New York City AVML – Asian Vegetarian Meal BBML – Infant/ Baby Food CHML – Child Meal DBML – Diabetic Meal FPML – Fruit Platter Meal SFML – Seafood Meal Types of duties cabin crew may have to undertake cabin crew seat and working position; roster duty example stand-by duty. There are two types of standby, Home reserve and Airport reserve. Home reserve means that you are on standby at home ready to take a call on your mobile phone or landline from flight scheduling that may assign you a flight or upgrade your status to field reserve. Field Reserve on the other hand, means that you are on standby but in the flight operations building at the airport with your flight handbag, trolley and suitcase, ready to be assigned any flight that needs to be covered. Duties before the pre-flight briefing include, checking roster and updates, check health, safety and security notices, check flight details (crew names, crew positions, departure gate, and aircraft registration. Importance of time keeping prior to a pre-flight briefing: to be prepared; consequences of late arrival example cabin crew offloaded from other flights, late departure of aircraft, disciplinary action. (anon, 2014) Elements of a pre-flight briefing include introduction to the crew, operating positions and responsibilities, uniform standards checked, aircraft information, health, safety and security memos, updates and notices read and understood, order of bar, meal and duty-free service and Safety and Emergency Procedures (SEP) scenario questions. (anon, 2014) Elements of post-flight briefing include reconciliation paperwork for bars and monies handed in, flight paperwork completed and filed example cabin defects reported and flight evaluation. (anon, 2014) Receive and relay safety equipment and procedures (SEP) during a pre-flight briefing include respond to Safety and Emergency Procedures (SEP) scenario questions example safety, security, in-flight medical care, location of emergency equipment, respond in a timely manner, with composure and professional attitude. (anon, 2014) Complete documentation relating to a pre-flight briefing in readiness for the flight include flight detail form (crew names and signatures, rest and duty hour, number of crew bags, equipment and security checks completed), toilet servicing form. (anon, 2014) The importance of timekeeping includes, being prepared, consequences of late arrival example offloading of crew, late departure of aircraft. Personal presentation: on and off duty and during stopovers, uniform standards, dress code for training and stopovers, adhering to grooming standards, professionalism, personal appearance, importance example creating a positive organizational image, maintaining organizational standards. (anon, 2014) Importance of task management and prioritization of tasks include routine and non-routine tasks, prioritize tasks in order of importance, and prioritize tasks in order of legal and regulatory requirements. (anon, 2014) Customer relationship management: following company procedures and industry standards; providing excellent customer service; ensuring passenger welfare; importance example to keep customers, to reward loyal customers, to attract new customers. (anon, 2014) References http://www.flight-attendant-careers.com/flight-attendant-training.html http://www.essence-learning.com/blog/duties-and-responsibilities-of-a-cabin-crew http://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/277171-airline-cabin-crew-job-description http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/airport_code.htm http://www.edexcel.com/migrationdocuments/BTEC%20Specialist%20Qualifications/BA025387-BTEC-L2-Introduction-to-Cabin-Crew-spec.pdf

The Benin Bronzes Essay -- Benin Brass Plaques

This essay deals with the nature of a cross cultural encounter between the Benin people and Portuguese traders in the 15th and 16th centuries, which resulted in the depiction of Portuguese figures in Benin brass plaques. It will propose that this contact between people with different cultures was on the basis of 'mutual regard' (Woods, K. 2008, p. 16), and although the Portuguese had qualms about idolatry in Benin it will show that assumptions by Europeans up to the 20th century of the primitive nature of tribal African societies was inaccurate with regard to the Benin people, who had a society based on the succession of the King or 'Oba', a Royal Family and Nobility. The essay will finally suggest that Benin’s increase in wealth following the arrival of the Portuguese led to a resurgence in bronze sculptures and the introduction of a new form, the rectilinear plaque. The plaque under consideration, is of a forward facing man, with an aquiline nose, thin lips, neatly trimmed beard, wearing a sun hat with flaps and looking intently at the viewer. He is dressed in a typical 16th century Portuguese style, wearing a decorated tunic with padded shoulders and tight breeches with short boots. He has a business like manner, carrying in his right hand a brass manilla, the main item of exchange with Benin, and a walking cane in the other. It is significant that he is not armed, clearly indicating he is safe in foreign surroundings. The background is pleasingly stylised with clusters of petals set against a stippled ground imbuing a secure feeling. It seems probable that Fernao Gomes, a Portuguese 'merchant adventurer' discovered the kingdom of Benin in 1474 (Wood, K. 2008, p. 8), seeking trading opportunities and looking for gold. The... ...best case for the retention of the British Benin sculptures is to accord them the unique status they deserve as exceptional artworks and exhibit them appropriately in a prestigious national art gallery, for everyone to appreciate fully. Works Cited Flinders, P. and Holman, K. and others, (2012) AA100 'Tutorial Forum Book 3, Weeks, 1 and 2' – Benin , online at http://learn.open.ac.uk/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=900850, accessed between 4 and 17 February, 2015. Loftus, D. and Wood, P. (2008), 'The Art of Benin: Changing Relations Between Europe and Africa II' in Brown, R. D. (ed.) Cultural Encounters (AA100 Book 3), Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp. 43-87. The Art of Benin, (2009), AA100 DVD ROM, Milton Keynes, The Open University. The Open University, (2008), AA100 Illustration Book (Plates for Books 3 and 4), Milton Keynes, The Open University.

Roxana’s Search for Identity in Daniel Defoe’s Roxana Essay -- Roxana

Roxana’s Search for Identity in Daniel Defoe’s Roxana In all of Daniel Defoe's major works, his characters always feel a need to narrate their history, specifically through the adventures they had rather than any description of who they were. Some people would suggest that this compulsion to give such an account reveals a burden of guilt the narrator is trying to free him or herself from, and an attempt to feel more secure in terms of identity. In the article, "Why Roxana Can Never Find Herself," Peter New offers his theory to explain why Defoe's characters, and Roxana in specific, are unable to obtain any real security of identity, even though they employ this method to achieve it. In New's definition, a secure identity can only be achieved through a full acknowledgment and sense of pride in ones history. Roxana does try to define herself in terms of what she has done rather than who she is, which is an acknowledgment of her past. However, she tells her story because she wants to gain a sense of both freedom and security, but the two are mutually exclusive. If Roxana writes as a penitent, she is choosing to be free from her past, or to "disown" it, thereby losing her security of identity. However, if she chooses security and owns up to all that she has been, then she can never be freed from her burden of guilt. Thus she is both trying to "embrace and to reject [her] own history" (318). We see this tendency towards confusio n and contradiction in Roxana all throughout the novel. She is constantly rationalizing her actions in the past, but immediately following that with a description of her feelings of guilt and regret. In New's interpretation, it is this tendency which proves that Roxana can never really find herself becaus... ...this theory to show that although Roxana is desperately trying to define herself and discover her true identity, ironically, her selves will never be able to be integrated. His final conclusion about Roxana's character is that She is condemned to search for an identity in the story of her selves and be unable ever to find it, because she both wants and does not want to be legion (329). This article presents an interesting, and valid argument about the character of Roxana in all her complexities. However, I think other arguments could be as plausible, depending on your viewpoint of Roxana. Are we to see her as insecure in her identity and confused as to what she wants? And if so, can we ever really know her true character if she cannot ever know her self? Work Cited New, Peter. "Why Roxana Can Never Find Herself." The Modern Language Review 91 (1996): 317-329.

Google: Organization; Management Essay

1. Compare and contrast each of the organizational structures from your reading. There are two organizational structures mentioned in text; Hierarchical Organizational Structure and Organic Organizational Structure with two possibilities of their structures being one of that of vertical or horizontal. The hierarchical organizational structure consists of a â€Å"set of formal task and formal relationships† (Daft, 2012). The military is an example of a form of hierarchical organizational structure. It is a structure that is clearly stated of â€Å"powers and authority and with a developed bureaucratic control system† (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). This control system instills power and authority through rules, policies, programs and training manuals (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). In comparison, a hierarchical organizational structure as with an organic organizational structure, they both possess upper levels of management that are responsible for making â€Å"major decisions† (Wk3, Lec. Sum., 2012). Organic organizational structures, although are similar in comparison to hierarchical organizational structures in the since of upper management making key decisions, there are many differences in contrast to the hierarchical organizational structures (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). Most large organizations tend to be organic due to the complexity of technology that have more emphasis on detailed work being assigned and to who, and who will concentrate more on â€Å"decision – making authority† (Zanzi, 1987). In a hierarchical organizational structure continuum, â€Å"taking risk† is not encouraged as it could mean the life or death of someone (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). However, in the organic organizational structure, risk are taken every day and in fact are commonly encouraged (Wk3, Lec. pg. 2, 2012). 2. If you were to choose one structure in which to work, which would you choose and why? I believe I would choose the hierarchal organizational structure. To me the organic organizational structure could be over burdensome to just one or a few individuals who may be in control of more than one group of employees or departments. When the development of the hierarchical organizational structure is implemented, then you have many different means in which to carry out many different functions and distribute the work to. With this structure I can develop a plan easier and know it will be carried out on time, accurately and see the results and get reports from the structure below. It’s like a baseball team; it takes all 9 players to cover the field cause you never know in which direction the ball will be hit to. Covering virtually every aspect will assure that the ball is almost always controlled ant the play is made. 3. Compare the organizational structures of Google and Wal-Mart. Google has an organizational structure that once seemed hierarchical in nature and characteristics when it first began, thus mimicking business organizational structure in order for it to get off the ground. The use of fast forward, concurrent and feedback controls were in place as well. However, Google has recently â€Å"minimized hierarchy and maximized what can be done at the individual contributing level† (Mohamed, 2006). Google tend to allow its employees the opportunity to contribute new innovative ideas to the company. Innovation through the ranks is the norm now at Google. At Wal-Mart, they too have built a strong market in the online business market (virtual), (Mmr, 2011). With its move into the virtual market place, as with Google, organic, yet more horizontal organizational structure so too is Wal-Mart’s online presents (Mmr, 2011). 4. Explain what types of control processes might be found in each of the organizational structures. There are three control processes; Feed forward, Concurrent and Feed Back. It is noted that â€Å"all three systems of controls are essentials to successful management and use resources for meeting goals† (Wk3, Lec. Pg. 1 2012). If this is the case, then we must consider that each control has a place in which it must monitor. With Feed forward controls, this action begins before a new product or a program or plan is implemented to gain â€Å"feedback in advance† (Wk3, Lec. pg. 1, 2012), this in order to make plans towards the start of a new product, plan or goal. With concurrent controls, this is to gain knowledge of how the new product, plan or goal is coming along, working or functioning during its progress or after it’s implemented. Then with the feedback controls, we get the product, plan or goal results and are able to make adjustments, adaptations to or change our product, plan or goal to operate the way it was originally designed to do so (Wk3, Lec. pg. 1, 2012). 5. Describe what types of quality management processes might be found in each of the organizational structures. First, I believe we have to understand what control is in order to find the quality management process found in each organizational structure. Monitoring activities within the organization based on the â€Å"expectations established in plans† (Daft, 2012) determine organizational controls. Controls establish how those things are handled and not dominance (Wk3, Lec. pg. 1, 2012).. Standards, methods and how those are measured determine quality. Once all these line up you hve what is referred to as a â€Å"balance scorecard† (Daft, 2012). In the hierarchical organizational structure, the type of quality management found there would be best optimized by using total quality management, as with the military. Total quality management improves the originations performance at every level. Since the hierarchal organizational structure is more vertical in characteristics, then it will have more of a need for improvements, because there are more levels that need controls (Daft, 2012). As with organic organizational structures, perhaps a quality management process type best for this structure would be something like â€Å"ISO (000† (Daft, 2012). When I worked at Allied Chemical, years ago, Allied traded and did business on an international scale. Its standard of quality wasn’t restricted to that of just the United States. It had to comply with foreign standards as well and we were ISO 9000 certified. I had to take extra training classes in quality management because of the international standards that were imposed on our products that were sold abroad. Also, with the organization I chose, Google, which is an organic organizational structure, Google also operates on an international scale. So a good example would be the type of quality found in the ISO 9000 certification process which is outlined by the â€Å"International Organization for Standards† (Daft, 2012). Reference Daft , R., (2012). Management, 10th Ed.  © 2012, 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Retrieved from: http://digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu MGT2037 S02: Principles of Management: Week 3: Lecture, p. 1 – Summary. Retrieved from http://myeclassonline.com Mohamed, A. (2006). Google woos talent in code competition. Computer Weekly, 49. U.S. Business Is Reenergized by Wal-Mart. (2011). MMR, 28(1), 42. Zanzi, A. (1987). How organic is your organization? – Determinants of organic/mechanistic tendencies in a public accounting firm. Journal of Management Studies, 24(2), 125-142. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.southuniversity.libproxy.edmc.edu

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 29. Defection

We sat there all night long, statues of horror and grief, and Alice never came back. We were all at our limits – frenzied into absolute stillness. Carlisle had barely been able to move his lips to explain it all to Jacob. The retelling seemed to make it worse; even Emmett stood silent and still from then on. It wasn't until the sun rose and I knew that Renesmee would soon be stirring under my hands that I wondered for the first time what could possibly be taking Alice so long. I'd hoped to know more before I was faced with my daughter's curiosity. To have some answers. Some tiny, tiny portion of hope so that I could smile and keep the truth from terrifying her, too. My face felt permanently set into the fixed mask it had worn all night. I wasn't sure I had the ability to smile anymore. Jacob was snoring in the corner, a mountain of fur on the floor, twitching anxiously in his sleep. Sam knew everything – the wolves were readying themselves for what was coming. Not that this preparation would do anything but get them killed with the rest of my family. Thesunlight broke through the back windows, sparkling on Edward's skin. My eyes had not moved from his since Alice's departure. We'd stared at each other all night, staring at what neither of us could live through losing: the other. I saw my reflection glimmer in his agonized eyes as the sun touched my own skin. His eyebrows moved an infinitesimal bit, then his lips. â€Å"Alice,† he said. Thesound of hisvoice was like ice cracking as it melted. All of us fractured a little, softened a little. Moved again. â€Å"She's been gone a long time,†Rosalie murmured, surprised. â€Å"Where could she be?† Emmett wondered, taking a step toward the door. Esme put a hand on her arm. â€Å"We don't want to disturb †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"She's never taken so long before,† Edward said. New worry splintered the mask his face had become. His features were alive again, his eyes suddenly wide with fresh fear, extra panic. â€Å"Carlisle, you don't think – something preemptive? Would Alice have had time to see if they sent someone for her?† Aro's translucent-skinned face filled my head. Aro, who had seen into all the corners of Alice's mind, who knew everything she was capable of – Emmett cussed loud enough that Jacob lurched to his feet with a growl. In the yard, his growl was echoed by his pack. My family was already a blur of action. â€Å"Stay with Renesmee!† I all but shrieked at Jacob as I sprinted through the door. I was still stronger than the rest of them, and I used that strength to push myself forward. I overtook Esme in a few bounds, and Rosalie in just a few strides more. I raced through the thick forest until I was right behind Edward and Carlisle. â€Å"Would they have been able to surprise her?† Carlisle asked, his voice as even as if he were standing motionless rather than running at full speed. â€Å"I don't see how,† Edward answered. â€Å"But Aro knows her better than anyone else. Better than I do.† â€Å"Is this a trap?† Emmett called from behind us. â€Å"Maybe,† Edward said. â€Å"There's no scent but Alice and Jasper. Where were they going?† Alice and Jasper's trail was curling into a wide arc; it stretched first east of the house, but headed north on the other side of the river, and then back west again after a few miles. We recrossed the river, all six jumping within a second of each other. Edward ran in the lead, his concentration total. â€Å"Did you catch that scent?† Esme called ahead a few moments after we'd leaped the river for the second time. She was the farthest back, on the far left edge of our hunting party. She gestured to the southeast. â€Å"Keep to the main trail – we're almost to the Quileute border,† Edward ordered tersely. â€Å"Stay together. See if they turned north or south.† I was not as familiar with the treaty line as the rest of them, but I could smell the hint of wolf in the breeze blowing from the east. Edward and Carlisle slowed a little out of habit, and I could see their heads sweep from side to side, waiting for the trail to turn. Then the wolf smell was suddenly stronger, and Edward's head snapped up. He came to a sudden stop. The rest of us froze, too. â€Å"Sam?† Edward asked in a flat voice. â€Å"What is this?† Sam came through the trees a few hundred yards away, walking quickly toward us in his human form, flanked by two big wolves – Paul and Jared. It took Sam a while to reach us; his human pace made me impatient. I didn't want time to think about what was happening. I wanted to be in motion, to be doing something. I wanted to have my arms around Alice, to know beyond a doubt that she was safe. I watched Edward's face go absolutely white as he read what Sam was thinking. Sam ignored him, looking straight at Carlisle as he stopped walking and began to speak. â€Å"Right after midnight, Alice and Jasper came to this place and asked permission to cross our land to the ocean. I granted them that and escorted them to the coast myself. They went immediately into the water and did not return. As we journeyed, Alice told me it was of the utmost importance that I say nothing to Jacob about seeing her until I spoke to you. I was to wait here for you to come looking for her and then give you this note. She told me to obey her as if all our lives depended on it.† Sam's face was grim as he held out a folded sheet of paper, printed all over with small black text. It was a page out of a book; my sharp eyes read the printed words as Carlisle unfolded it to see the other side. The side facing me was the copyright page from The Merchant of Venice. A hint of my own scent blew off of it as Carlisle shook the paper flat. I realized it was a page torn from one of my books. I'd brought a few things from Charlie's house to the cottage; a few sets of normal clothes, all the letters from my mother, and my favorite books. My tattered collection of Shakespeare paperbacks had been on the bookshelf in the cottage's little living room yesterday morning†¦. â€Å"Alice has decided to leave us,† Carlisle whispered. â€Å"What?† Rosalie cried. Carlisle turned the page around so that we all could read. Don't look for us. There isn't time to waste. Remember; Tanya, Siobhan, Amun, Alistair, all the nomads you can find. We'll seek out Peter and Charlotte on our way. We're so sorry that we have to leave you this way, with no goodbyes or explanations. It's the only way for us. We love you. We stood frozen again, the silence total but for the sound of the wolves' heartbeats, their breathing. Their thoughts must have been loud, too. Edward was first to move again, speaking in response to what he heard in Sam's head. â€Å"Yes, things are that dangerous.† â€Å"Enough that you would abandon your family?† Sam asked out loud, censure in his tone. It was clear that he had not read the note before giving it to Carlisle. He was upset now, looking as if he regretted listening to Alice. Edward's expression was stiff – to Sam it probably looked angry or arrogant, but I could see the shape of pain in the hard planes of his face. â€Å"We don't know what she saw,† Edward said. â€Å"Alice is neither unfeeling nor a coward. She just has more information than we do.† â€Å"Wewould not – ,† Sam began. â€Å"You are bound differently than we are,† Edward snapped. â€Å"1/1/e each still have our free will.† Sam's chin jerked up, and his eyes looked suddenly flat black. â€Å"But you should heed the warning,† Edward went on. â€Å"This is not something you want to involve yourselves in. You can still avoid what Alice saw.† Sam smiled grimly. â€Å"We don't run away.† Behind him, Paul snorted. â€Å"Don't get your family slaughtered for pride,† Carlisle interjected quietly. Sam looked at Carlisle with a softer expression. â€Å"As Edward pointed out, we don't have the same kind of freedom that you have. Renesmee is as much as part of our family now as she is yours. Jacob cannot abandon her, and we cannot abandon him.† His eyes flickered to Alice's note, and his lips pressed into a thinline. â€Å"You don't know her,† Edward said. â€Å"Do you?† Sam asked bluntly. Carlisle put a hand on Edward's shoulder. â€Å"We have much to do, son. Whatever Alice's decision, we would be foolish not to follow her advice now. Let's go home and get to work.† Edward nodded, his face still rigid with pain. Behind me, I could hear Esme's quiet, tearless sobs. I didn't know how to cry in this body; I couldn't do anything but stare. There was no feeling yet. Everything seemed unreal, like I was dreaming again after all these months. Having a nightmare. â€Å"Thank you, Sam,† Carlisle said. â€Å"I'm sorry,† Sam answered. â€Å"We shouldn't have let her through.† â€Å"You did the right thing,† Carlisle told him. â€Å"Alice is free to do what she will. I wouldn't deny her that liberty.† I'd always thought of the Cullens as a whole, an indivisible unit. Suddenly, I remembered that it had not always been so. Carlisle had created Edward, Esme, Rosalie and Emmett; Edward had created me. We were physically linked by blood and venom. I never thought of Alice and Jasper as separate – as adopted into the family. But in truth, Alice had adopted the Cullens. She had shown up with her unconnected past, bringing Jasper with his, and fit herself into the family that was already there. Both she and Jasper had known another life outside the Cullen family. Had she really chosen to lead another new life after she'd seen that life with the Cullens was over? We were doomed, then, weren't we? There was no hope at all. Not one ray, one flicker that might have convinced Alice she had a chance at our side. The bright morning air seemed thicker suddenly, blacker, as if physically darkened by my despair. â€Å"I'mnot going down without a fight,† Emmett snarled low under his breath. â€Å"Alice told us what to do. Let's get it done.† The others nodded with determined expressions, and I realized that they were banking on whatever chance Alice had given us. That they were not going to give in to hopelessness and wait to die. Yes, we all would fight. What else was there? And apparently we would involve others, because Alice had said so before she'd left us. How could we not follow Alice's last warning? The wolves, too, would fight with us for Renesmee. We would fight, they would fight, and we all would die. I didn't feel the same resolve the others seemed to feel. Alice knew the odds. She was giving us the only chance she could see, but the chance was too slim for her to bet on it. I felt already beaten as I turned my back on Sam's critical face and followed Carlisle toward home. We ran automatically now, not the same panicked hurry as before. As we neared the river, Esme's head lifted. â€Å"There was that other trail. It was fresh.† She nodded forward, toward where she had called Edward's attention on the way here. While we were racing to save Alice†¦ â€Å"It has to be from earlier in the day. It was just Alice, without Jasper,† Edward said lifelessly. Esme's face puckered, and she nodded. I drifted to the right, falling a little behind. I was sure Edward was right, but at the same time†¦ After all, how had Alice's note ended up on a page from my book? â€Å"Bella?† Edward asked in an emotionless voice as I hesitated. â€Å"I want to follow the trail,† I told him, smelling the light scent of Alice that led away from her earlier flight path, i was new to this, but it smelled exactly the same to me, just minus the scent of Jasper. Edward's golden eyes were empty. â€Å"It probably just leads back to the house.† â€Å"Then I'll meet you there.† At first I thought he would let me go alone, but then, as I moved a few steps away, his blank eyes flickered to life. â€Å"I'll come with you,† he said quietly. â€Å"Well meet you at home, Carlisle.† Carlisle nodded, and the others left. I waited until they were out of sight, and then I looked at Edward questioningly. â€Å"I couldn't let you walk away from me,† he explained in a low voice. â€Å"It hurt just to imagine it.† I understood without more explanation than that. I thought of being divided from him now and realized I would have felt the same pain, no matter how short the separation. There was so little time left to be together. I held my hand out to him, and he took it. â€Å"Let's hurry,† he said. â€Å"Renesmee will be awake.† I nodded, and we were running again. It was probably a silly thing, to waste the time away from Renesmee just for curiosity's sake. But the note bothered me. Alice could have carved the note into a boulder or tree trunk if she lacked writing utensils. She could have stolen a pad of Post-its from any of the houses by the highway. Why my book? When did she get it? Sure enough, the trail led back to the cottage by a circuitous route that stayed far clear of the Cullens' house and the wolves in the nearby woods. Edward's brows tightened in confusion as it became obvious where the trail led. He tried to reason it out. â€Å"She left Jasper to wait for her and came here?† We were almost to the cottage now, and I felt uneasy. I was glad to have Edward's hand in mine, but I also felt as if I should be here alone. Tearing out the page and carrying it back to Jasper was such an odd thing for Alice to do. It felt like there was a message in her action – one I didn't understand at all. But it was my book, so the message must be for me. If it were something she wanted Edward to know, wouldn't she have pulled a page from one of his books†¦ ? â€Å"Give me just a minute,† I said, pulling my hand free as we got to the door. His forehead creased. â€Å"Bella?† â€Å"Please? Thirty seconds.† I didn't wait for him to answer. I darted through the door, pulling it shut behind me. I went straight to the bookshelf. Alice's scent was fresh – less than a day old. A fire that I had not set burned low but hot in the fireplace. I yanked The Merchant of Venice off the shelf and flipped it open to the title page. There, next to the feathered edge left by the torn page, under the words The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, was a note. Destroy this. Below that was a name and an address in Seattle. When Edward came through the door after only thirteen seconds rather than thirty, I was watching the book burn. â€Å"What's going on, Bella?† â€Å"She was here. She ripped a page out of my book to write her note on.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"I don't know why.† â€Å"Why are you burning it?† â€Å"I – I – † I frowned, letting all my frustration and pain show on my face. I did not know what Alice was trying to tell me, only that she'd gone to great lengths to keep it from anyone but me. The one person whose mind Edward could not read. So she must want to keep him in the dark, and it was probably for a good reason. â€Å"It seemed appropriate.† â€Å"We don't know what she's doing,† he said quietly. I stared into the flames. I was the only person in the world who could lie to Edward. Was that what Alice wanted from me? Her last request? â€Å"When we were on the plane to Italy,† I whispered – this was not a lie, except perhaps in context – â€Å"on our way to rescue you†¦ she lied to Jasper so that he wouldn't come after us. She knew that if he faced the Volturi, he would die. She was willing to die herself rather than put him in danger. Willing for me to die, too. Willing for you to die.† Edward didn't answer. â€Å"She has her priorities,† I said. It made my still heart ache to realize that my explanation did not feel like a lie in any way. â€Å"I don't believe it,† Edward said. He didn't say it like he was arguing with me – he said it like he was arguing with himself. â€Å"Maybe it was just Jasper in danger. Her plan would work for the rest of us, but he'd be lost if he stayed. Maybe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"She could have told us that. Sent him away.† â€Å"But would Jasper have gone? Maybe she's lying to him again.† â€Å"Maybe,† I pretended to agree. â€Å"We should go home. There's no time.† Edward took my hand, and we ran. Alice's note did not make me hopeful. If there were any way to avoid the coming slaughter, Alice would have stayed. I couldn't see another possibility. So it was something else she was giving me. Not a way to escape. But what else would she think that I wanted? Maybe a way to salvage something? Was there anything I could still save? Carlisle and the others had not been idle in our absence. We'd been separated from them for all of five minutes, and they were already prepared to leave. In the corner, Jacob was human again, with Renesmee on his lap, both of them watching us with wide eyes. Rosalie had traded her silk wrap dress for a sturdy-looking pair of jeans, running shoes, and a button-down shirt made of the thick weave that backpackers used for long trips. Esme was dressed similarly. There was a globe on the coffee table, but they were done looking at it, just waiting for us. The atmosphere was more positive now than before; it felt good to them to be in action. Their hopes were pinned on Alice's instructions. I looked at the globe and wondered where we were headed first. â€Å"We're to stay here?† Edward asked, looking at Carlisle. He didn't sound happy. â€Å"Alice said that we would have to show people Renesmee, and we would have to be careful about it,† Carlisle said. â€Å"We'll send whomever we can find back here to you – Edward, you'll be the best at fielding that particular minefield.† Edward gave one sharp nod, still not happy. â€Å"There's a lot of ground to cover.† â€Å"We're splitting up,† Emmett answered. â€Å"Rose and I are hunting for nomads.† â€Å"You'll have your hands full here,† Carlisle said. â€Å"Tanya's family will be here in the morning, and they have no idea why. First, you have to persuade them not to react the way Irina did. Second, you've got to find out what Alice meant about Eleazar. Then, after all that, will they stay to witness for us? It will start again as the others come – if we can persuade anyone to come in the first place.† Carlisle sighed. â€Å"Your job may well be the hardest. We'll be back to help as soon as we can.† Carlisle put his hand on Edward's shoulder for a second and then kissed my forehead. Esme hugged us both, and Emmett punched us both on the arm. Rosalie forced a hard smile for Edward and me, blew a kiss to Renesmee, and then gave Jacob a parting grimace. â€Å"Good luck,† Edward told them. â€Å"And to you,† Carlisle said. â€Å"We'll all need it.† I watched them leave, wishing I could feel whatever hope bolstered them, and wishing I could be alone with the computer for just a few seconds. I had to figure out who this J. Jenks person was and why Alice had gone to such lengths to give his name to only me. Renesmee twisted in Jacob's arms to touch his cheek. â€Å"I don't know if Carlisle's friends will come. I hope so. Sounds like we're a little outnumbered right now,† Jacob murmured to Renesmee. So she knew. Renesmee already understood only too clearly what was going on. The whole imprinted-werewolf-gives-the-object-of-his-imprinting-whatever-she-wants thing was getting old pretty fast. Wasn't shielding her more important than answering her questions? I looked carefully at her face. She did not look frightened, only anxious and very serious as she conversed with Jacob in her silent way. â€Å"No, we can't help; we've got to stay here,† he went on. â€Å"People are coming to see you, not the scenery.† Renesmee frowned at him. â€Å"No, I don't have to go anywhere,† he said to her. Then he looked at Edward, his face stunned by the realization that he might be wrong. â€Å"Do I?† Edward hesitated. â€Å"Spit it out,† Jacob said, his voice raw with tension. He was right at his breaking point, just like the rest of us. â€Å"The vampires who are coming to help us are not the same as we are,† Edward said. â€Å"Tanya's family is the only one besides ours with a reverence for human life, and even they don't think much of werewolves. I think it might be safer – â€Å" â€Å"I can take care of myself,† Jacob interrupted. â€Å"Safer for Renesmee,† Edward continued, â€Å"if the choice to believe our story about her is not tainted by an association with werewolves.† â€Å"Some friends. They'd turn on you just because of who you hang out with now?† â€Å"I think they would mostly be tolerant under normal circumstances. But you need to understand – accepting Nessie will not be a simple thing for any of them. Why make it even the slightest bit harder?† Carlisle had explained the laws about immortal children to Jacob last night. â€Å"The immortal children were really that bad?† he asked. â€Å"You can't imagine the depth of the scars they've left in the collective vampire psyche.† â€Å"Edward †¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was still odd to hear Jacob use Edward's name without bitterness. â€Å"I know, Jake. I know how hard it is to be away from her. We'll play it by ear – see how they react to her. In any case, Nessie is going to have to be incognito off and on in the next few weeks. She'll need to stay at the cottage until the right moment for us to introduce her. As long as you keep a safe distance from the main house †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I can do that. Company in the morning, huh?† â€Å"Yes. The closest of our friends. In this particular case, it's probably better if we get things out in the open as soon as possible. You can stay here. Tanya knows about you. She's even met Seth.† â€Å"You should tell Sam what's going on. There might be strangers in the woods soon.† â€Å"Good point. Though I owe him some silence after last night.† â€Å"Listening to Alice is usually the right thing.† Jacob's teeth ground together, and I could see that he shared Sam's feelings about what Alice and Jasper had done. While they were talking, I wandered toward the back windows, trying to look distracted and anxious. Not a difficult thing to do. I leaned my head against the wall that curved away from the living room toward the dining room, right next to one of the computer desks. I ran my fingers against the keys while staring into the forest, trying to make it look like an absentminded thing. Did vampires ever do things absentmindedly? I didn't think anyone was paying particular attention to me, but I didn't turn to make sure. The monitor glowed to life. I stroked my fingers across the keys again. Then I drummed them very quietly on the wooden desktop, just to make it seem random. Another stroke across the keys. I scanned the screen in my peripheral vision. No J. Jenks, but there was a Jason Jenks. A lawyer. I brushed the keyboard, trying to keep a rhythm, like the preoccupied stroking of a cat you'd all but forgotten on your lap. Jason Jenks had a fancy website for his firm, but the address on the homepage was wrong. In Seattle, but in a different zip code. I noted the phone number and then stroked the keyboard in rhythm. This time I searched the address, but nothing at all came up, as if the address didn't exist. I wanted to look at a map, but I decided I was pushing my luck. One more brush, to delete the history___ I continued staring out the window and brushed the wood a few times. I heard light footsteps crossing the floor to me, and I turned with what I hoped was the same expression as before. Renesmee reached for me, and I held my arms open. She launched herself into them, smelling strongly of werewolf, and nestled her head against my neck. I didn't know if I could stand this. As much as I feared for my life, for Edward's, for the rest of my family's, it was not the same as the gut-wrenching terror I felt for my daughter. There had to be a way to save her, even if that was the only thing I could do. Suddenly, I knew that this was all I wanted anymore. The rest I would bear if I had to, but not her life being forfeited. Not that. She was the one thing I simply had to save. Would Alice have known how I would feel? Renesmee's hand touched my cheek lightly. She showed me my own face, Edward's, Jacob's, Rosalie's, Esme's, Carlisle's, Alice's, Jasper's, flipping through all our family's faces faster and faster. Seth and Leah. Charlie, Sue, and Billy. Over and over again. Worrying, like the rest of us were. She was only worrying, though. Jake had kept the worst from her as far as I could tell. The part about how we had no hope, how we all were going to die in a month's time. She settled on Alice's face, longing and confused. Where was Alice? â€Å"I don't know,† I whispered. â€Å"But she's Alice. She's doing the right thing, like always.† The right thing for Alice, anyway. I hated thinking of her that way, but how else could the situation be understood? Renesmee sighed, and the longing intensified. â€Å"I miss her, too.† I felt my face working, trying to find the expression that went with the grief inside. My eyes felt strange and dry; they blinked against the uncomfortable feeling. I bit my lip. When I took my next breath, the air hitched in my throat, like I was choking on it. Renesmee pulled back to look at me, and I saw my face mirrored in her thoughts and in her eyes. I looked like Esme had this morning. So this was what it felt like to cry. Renesmee's eyes glistened wetly as she watched my face. She stroked my face, showing me nothing, just trying to soothe me. I'd never thought to see the mother-daughter bond reversed between us, the way it had always been for Renee and me. But I hadn't had a very clear view of the future. A tear welled up on the edge of Renesmee's eye. I wiped it away with a kiss. She touched her eye in amazement and then looked at the wetness on her fingertip. â€Å"Don't cry,† I told her. â€Å"It's going to be okay. You're going to be fine. I will find you a way through this.† If there was nothing else I could do, I would still save my Renesmee. I was more positive than ever that this was what Alice would give me. She would know. She would have left me a way.