Harley Davidson :: essays research papers

The purpose of this industry analysis is to develop understanding for Harley Davidson Inc. and the employee owned manufacturer of heavyweight motorcycles. We will focus on some of the distributing of products to domestic and international markets targeting men and women of all ages. The motorcycle industry is made up of five major manufacturers: four Japanese (Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, Suzuki), one American (Harley Davidson) and some European companies (mainly BMW of Germany and some other Italian companies). Most companies market their motorcycles and accessories on a worldwide basis. Industry sales of motorcycles were shrinking in the early l990s because of the recession. Three types of products/services are being offered motorcycles, accessories, and financing services. Motorcycles: This is a loose term for some, however we are going to look at that would include motorcycles. Mopeds or scooters (with engines under 125ccwhich are used as an alternative to walking), accounting for about 17% of total motorcycle sales; lightweight motorcycles road bikes, dirt bikes, dual purpose bikes (with engines ranging from 125cc to 499cc), accounting for 51% of sales; sport motorcycles street bikes, and super bikes (with engines ranging from 450 to 749cc) accounting for 13% of sales; heavyweight motorcycles cruisers, touring bikes (ranging from 750cc to 1500cc) accounting for 19% of sales. Accessories: all leading manufacturers produce Aftermarket accessories, such as saddlebags, windshields, custom seats, helmets, and clothing items. Accessories can bring in a large amount of profit but they can also strengthen customer relations and customer loyalty. In order to succeed companies need to do a market analysis of what sales and what the customer base requests. Sales of accessories and parts make up 36% of total retail sales and are a viable area for producers to explore because people want something to differentiate their bikes. In the past, motorcycles were viewed as a cheap means of transportation. By 1992, they came to be viewed as a recreational, or a luxury item. This new perception of motorcycles led to the introduction of more expensive models with higher prices. This led to the introduction of consumer financing, one of the fastest growing service areas in the motorcycle industry. Financing Services: As motorcycle prices increase to above the cost some can afford out of pocket. Many customers are finding a need for financing within the dealership of the motorcycle company. Financing terms and payment arrangements are necessary to succeed and be competitive. The customers of motorcycles can be divided into two categories men and women.

Fast food restaurant Essay

Introduction Fast food is very common in Hong Kong. We can find at least one fast-food restaurant nearby. McDonald, KFC, Burger King, Triple O’s, Cafe de Carol can be found everywhere in Hong Kong. Fast food means that the food can be prepared and served very quickly. It can save us time and is convenient. [pic][pic][pic] The aim of this report is to investigate fast food culture in Hong Kong nowadays. Firstly, trend of fast food culture in Hong Kong would be given in order to get further understanding of fast food. Secondly, negative impacts of fast food would be discussed. Thirdly, despite the fact that Hong Kong people are more aware of their health, fast food restaurants have emerged. Lastly, comparison between fast food shops and fast-service shops would be mentioned to find out how these two types of shops affect customers’ choice of catering. Mr. Victor Chan, the Managing Director of the Triple O’s, Hong Kong franchise, was interviewed to find out the answer. Current situation [pic]Fig. 1 Top 10 Global Markets for weekly Fast Food. According to the survey from ACNielsen (Refer to figure1), Hong Kong has the highest percentage of eating fast food in the world, with 61 per cent of people eating fast food at least once a week. The survey was conducted in October 2004 over the internet in 28 countries and regions across the Asia-Pacific, Europe and the US. It showed that more and more people are obsessed with fast food. Nine per cent of Hong Kong people visited fast-food restaurants at least once a day; 86 per cent of people visited at least twice a month. In the first nine months of this 2004, Hong Kong people visited fast-food restaurants on average seven times a month and spent $ 160. The survey revealed fast food has become a part of Hong Kong people’s lives. Hong Kong people are in fast pace of life. People have less time to eat and are busy to work. It makes fast food become more and more popular because it is convenient and comfortable. It replaces the position of traditional restaurants and these fast food shops have dominated our society gradually. Negative impacts of traditional fast food There are thousands of fast food shops in Hong Kong. They have totally changed eating habit and daily life of Hong Kong people. Albeit fast food is delicious and tasty, it brings several health problems. Fast food contains lots of fats and high calories. For example, McDonald’s provides a Big Mac, large fries and a large Coca-Cola drink which have 1430 calories. In fact, 2000 calories is the maximum amount a person needs in each day. Big Macs in Hong Kong contains more fat and cholesterol than those in the world. According to nutritional information on the company’s website, each Hong Kong burger weighed 560 calories but 80 calories is more than Australia, 67 calories more than Britain and 60 calories more than the Middle East. Obviously, fast food leads to obesity and diabetes, and increases the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure. Apparently, fast food contains high calories and lack in nutrition. Fast food is not proper meal that people can eat every day. Besides this, facing the influence of mass media and the trend in Hong Kong, slim body figures are encouraged. Therefore, Hong Kong people realize the importance of health. They are willing to eat healthy food with low calories and fats. In order to meet the demand of healthy and higher nutritional food from Hong Kong people, fast food shops start to provide healthy food to customers. For example, McDonald’s try to give more choice to customers by providing healthier food, likes fresh salad and low fat yogurt. Fast food culture in Hong Kong has changed. Emergence of Fast-service food shops in Hong Kong Interview with Triple O’s – White Spot Because of the rise in living standard and change in eating habits of Hong Kong customers, traditional fast food shops, such as McDonald’s and KFC, can no longer meet the demands of customers. The emergence of a brand new type of catering choice – fast-service food shops, introduces a new dining experience to Hong Kong customers, thus, bringing a positive and striking impact to the catering industry. One of the most successful fast-service food shops in Hong Kong is Triple O’s – White Spot, which was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1928, best known for its hamburgers In 2003, Triple O’s expanded its business to Hong Kong, setting up the first shop in the Great food hall in the basement of Pacific Place, Admiralty. Until 2010, there are already 5 Triple O’s established throughout Hong Kong, in which the franchises each record more than twice as many sales as the average location in BC. In order to know more about fast-service food shops, an interview has been conducted with the managing director of the Triple O’s, Hong Kong franchise, Mr. Victor Chan. [pic] [pic] Triple O’s – White Spot aims to provide high quality, home-made and healthy fast food and family-friendly services to create a new kind of dining experience to customers. According to Mr. Chan, Triple O’s’ in Hong Kong have to follow strictly the menu and ingredients set by the Canadian headquarters to ensure its high food quality. For instance, unlike traditional fast food shops that only focus in lowering their production cost, Triple O’s’ milkshakes are made of fresh milk and premium ice-cream. Burger beef is from Australia, delivered fresh to Triple O’s in Hong Kong, not frozen. Mr. Chan added that Triple O’s’ menu will not change in order to suit the appetite of Hong Kong customers, therefore resulting in a limited choices of food in their menu compared to other fast food shops. In order to provide freshly made burgers, it usually takes up to 5 to complete a whole meal set. That is why customer-friendly service is provided in Triple O’s. Instead of ‘self-help’ service in traditional fast food shops, waiters will deliver meals to customers in person, offering customers efficient dining services. Besides that, because of the insistence of high quality ingredients, price of food is again higher than that of fast food shops. Yet, it does not affect customer’s choice of catering since they are now enjoying a higher living standard, willing to spend more for the return of good food and nice service. Triple O’s’ success is also a result of change in eating habits and perceptions of Hong Kong customers. The idea of ‘thin is in’ is widely spread by the mass media, people are getting more conscious about their physique and health, leading to the rise of a new kind of eating habit – healthy eating. Believing that traditional fast food shops’ only provision of deep-fried food, customers tend to look for healthy, yet, delicious fast food for substitution. Triple O’s hit the exact demand of customers. ‘Food in Triple O’s is generally low in fat and that no preservatives and artificial flavours are added in. Vegetarian burgers and lots of vegetables are included in every meal set in order for customers to achieve a balance diet,’ said Mr. Chan, ‘healthy cooking methods are also used, such as roasting and grilling of burger beef and chicken stripes with refined olive oil rather than deep-frying. Fries with potato skins are again intended to provide dietary fibre for better digestion of customers. † Customers are free to choose according to their personal preference, having a custom-made burger in any way they want, like whether to add in any dressing in their burgers. Another special feature of Triple O’s is that there is no advertisement about it at all. â€Å"We rather spend our money in purchasing high quality ingredients than wasting them on advertising. We believe that with our food and service, reputation can be build up in no time. Once again, we prove ourselves right! † said Mr. Chan. Marketing is clearly not the major concern of Triple O’s. â€Å"From the fast food shops’ point of view, we (fast-service food shops) have become a huge competitor to the traditional fast-service shops. Like McDonald’s, they are, in fact, following our way in preparing food and provision of service. However, since there is vast difference between us and traditional fast food shops, we don’t treat them as a direct competitor. Our aim is not only to provide fast food to customers, but a new dining experience, which makes us unique in the catering industry. † Mr. Chan concluded by the end of the interview. Comparison between Fast food shops and Fast-service food shops Fast food shops have always been one of the dominating choices of catering. Yet, in recent years, there are a definite increasing number of fast-service food shops in Hong Kong, which result in an intense competition between the two. In the following table, we use the example of McDonald’s (fast food shops) and Triple O’s (fast-service food shops) to show the major differences between fast food shops and fast-service food shops, which affect customers’ choice of catering. [pic] [pic] |Differences |Fast food shops (McDonald’s) |Fast-service food shops (Triple O’s) | |Quality of food |Low |High | |Ingredients used |Use of low quality ingredients to cut off production cost| Strictly follow the Canadian headquarters’ use of high | | |e. g. |quality ingredients e. g. | ||milkshakes – milk, water, and milk |milkshakes – fresh milk and premium | | |powder |ice-cream | | |burger meat – organ meat mixed with |Burger meat – Australian imported, | | |bread crumbs and onion |pure beef | |Method of cooking |Deep-frying |Grilling and Roasting | |Health consciousness |Less |More | | |- lack of vegetables and fruits in the menu |- inclusion of vegetarian food choices | | |- unhealthy cooking method used |- healthier cooking methods used | | Flexibility of ordered food |Standardized food |Immediate, Custom-made e.g. | | |- Burgers are pre-made for purchase, which follow a |- Customers may add in more vegetables in their burgers or | | |uniform standard. |choose not to add any dressings at all. | |Food choices |Wide variety |Limited as it must follow the menu of their headquarters in | | |- Burgers, fries, ice-cream, different types of |Canada | | |fried-food, soft drinks, pies†¦ |- burgers, fries, onion rings, chicken stripes, milkshakes | |Characteristics |Fast, convenient | High quality of food, | | | |brand new type of dining experience | |No.of shops in HK |More |Less | |Cost |Low |High due to the high quality of ingredients used | |Services |Less |More | | |- provides only ordering services in the cashier |- provides not only ordering and packing up services, but | | | |also delivery of meals to customers like restaurants | |Advertisements |More |None | | |- wide coverage via the mass media (e. g. TV ads, the |- building up reputation by customers’ word of mouth | | |Internet, newspaper) |- money used in quality ingredients rather than in | | | |advertisements | From the above comparison, we can see that fast-service food shops introduces a brand new kind of catering experience to Hong Kong by providing high quality of food and efficient, customer-friendly services. As customers are being more health conscious, fast-service food shops seem to have hit the market, drawing enormous attention from customers of other types of catering choices, especially those of fast-food shops. Customers also enjoyed the idea of ‘immediate and custom-made’. Customers are able to order in according with their preferences. Burgers are freshly made with A-grade ingredients immediately upon order, which freshness of food can be completely guaranteed. Together with the efficient and friendly service provided, fast-service food shops seem to fulfill and satisfy the demands of picky customers. The success of a few fast-service shops in Hong Kong is inevitably bringing in a competitor to traditional fast-food shops. Conclusion In the past two decades, Hong Kong has inevitably been an international city under the great influence of fast food culture. As the only demand for food is efficiency, the mere provision of fast and convenient food could already satisfy the demands of most customers. Yet, with the improvement in economic level, living standard and change in eating habits of customers, fast food shop could no longer provide them with what they want. Customers are more willing to enjoy quality and healthy food and nice service when dining, thereby, leading to the introduction of fast-service food shops to Hong Kong. Fast-service food shops bring in huge impacts and brand new ideas to the fast food world. Not only efficiency, quality of food, provision of service and health consciousness should be brought into considerations in order to fulfill the demands of customers. The emergence of fast-service food shops provides a new choice of catering for customers, which leads to intense competition between fast food shops and them. Competition between the two definitely brings positive impacts to the catering industry. Traditional fast food shops seem to realize their shortcomings and need of change, now even McDonald’s follow the way of fast-service food shops by providing immediate-made burgers instead of pre-made ones. Because of the vast difference between fast food shops and fast-service food shops, it is difficult to determine at this stage that which one of them can dominate the fast food industry. The only thing for sure is that customers are, always and forever, the winner in this match, having to enjoy the great food! Reference OWikipedia OOfficial homepage of Triple O’s Hong Kong OSouth China Morning Post OHong Kong Yahoo OACNielsen OHKUSPACE [pic] [pic] [pic] Vocabulary Sheet – Fast Food Culture |Word (parts of speech) |Meaning | |Dietician (n) |a person who is an expert in nutrition or dietetics | |Fast-food addict (n) |a person who is addicted to fast-food | |Americanization (n) |assimilate to the customs and institutions of the U. S. | |Delicacies (n) |something delightful or pleasing, esp. a choice food considered | | |with regard to its rarity, costliness | |Sedentary (adj) |characterized by or requiring a sitting posture | |Coronary (adj) |of or pertaining to the human heart, with respect to health | |Superficial (adj) |shallow; not profound or thorough | |Standardize (v) |to bring to or make of an established standard size, weight, | | |quality, strength | |Unpalatable (adj) |not palatable; unpleasant to the taste | |Franchise (n) |the right or license granted by a company to an individual or group| | |to market its products or services in a specific territory | |Variant (adj) |tending to change or alter; exhibiting variety or diversity | | Proliferate (v) |to increase in number or spread rapidly and often excessively | |prominent (adj) |standing out so as to be seen easily; conspicuous; particularly | | |noticeable | |Prevalent (n) |widespread; of wide extent or occurrence; in general use or | | |acceptance | |Ubiquity (n) |the state or capacity of being everywhere, esp. at the same time | |Detrimental (adj) |causing detriment; damaging; harmful | |Umpteen (adj) |innumerable; many | |Flavor-enhancing (adj) |enhancing the flavor of food | |Paramount (adj) |chief in importance or impact; supreme; preeminent | |Consumer-friendliness (n) |products of non-harmful elements to consumers |

How to Analyze a Sonnet

Should Prostitution Be Abolished - 1174 Words

Prostitution. Streetwalking. The sex trade. The sex industry. Whoring. Hooking. Et Cetera. The exchange of sexual activities for money. Prostitution is probably one of, if not the oldest taboos in our culture, and for good reason. Often times, prostitution is monitored in places called brothels, meeting places for finding prostitutes and sex in general. This scandalous practice is currently legal in many parts of the world, i.e. Germany, most of South America, Spain, Australia, Canada, France, Italy, here and there in Africa, Mexico and many more. It’s been legalized in many places, but why should a profession like this be outlawed? Well, there are many pros as to why prostitution should be abolished. A) Legalization of prostitution is an invitation to human trafficking and slavery. B) Legalization would attract more customers, promoting affairs and divorce. C) Prostitution is degrading. It turns woman into commodities, thus making them nothing but items to be used. 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It states in the thirteenth amendment that, â€Å"neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdictionRead MoreReasons Human Trafficking Should Be Ended1147 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Slavery occurs when one person controls another person, using violence or the threat of violence to maintain that control, exploits them economically, pays them nothing and they cannot walk away.† In 1865, slavery was abolished here in the United States. 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Public Employment Relations Boards ( Perbs ) - 1358 Words

Public Employment Relations Boards (PERBs) are federal government or state appointed agencies that are responsible for resolving collective bargaining disputes, determining the bargaining units, monitoring representing elections, selecting a bargaining agent and solving the employment and labor related disputes of employees working in the public sector. Bargaining is the process through which employers and employees negotiate the terms of work and set them down in a formal contract that lays out all of the rules and regulations. Each side nominates a representative, so both labor and management are able to convey their terms and conditions and reach a mutually satisfactory agreement. Public Employment Relations Boards (PERBs) also ensure that the employees of public sector departments are not at the receiving end of any unfair labor practices. This paper will examine three Public Employment Relations Boards, the ones for California, Delaware and the District of Columbia. The California Public Employment Relations Board is responsible for governing a total of eight collective bargaining statutes relevant to public sector employees of the state of California. These employees include those individuals, who are working directly for the state, in the state’s public educational institutions (schools and colleges), for the state’s local public agencies (each county, city and district), employees and interpreters of the state trial courts, those that fall under the â€Å"In-HomeShow MoreRelatedShould A Sustainable Program Launches?914 Words   |  4 PagesEducational Employment Relations Act (EERA), as well as the Public Employment Relations Board (PERB) (p. 137-141). I’m so grateful that although I don’t always agree with every written word within my own collective bargaining agreement under the Teachers Association of Long Beach (TALB), I know that the union is there to advocate for my rights as an employee of LBUSD. This all ows me to focus on my creative teaching and still exercise my individual voice by approaching my school board to fight forRead MoreFederal Law And Public Employee Relations1425 Words   |  6 PagesAssociation versus Kansas Board of Regents/Pittsburg State and Public Employee Relations Board case study This case study began as a result of a complaint that was filed with the Public Employee Relations Act (PERB) by the Pittsburg State University/Kansas National Education Association (KNEA). The Pittsburg State University’s faculty members were represented by the Kansas National Education Association. In the complaint, Kansas National Education Association proclaimed that the Kansas Board of Regents/PittsburgRead MoreEssay on The Labor-Management Relationship1997 Words   |  8 PagesTraditional literature in the field of labor relations has focused immensely on its benefit towards the employer and in the process equating it to working rules. This has been so despite the field being expected to cover the process of, labor management, union formation, and collective bargain; all which are anticipated to create a positive employer-employee relationship. This relationship is said to be positive if there exist a balance between employment functions and the rights of the laborer. A lsoRead MoreChallenges in Pension Reform15566 Words   |  63 PagesPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NOVEMBER 2012 By James Michael Sandburg Capstone Project Faculty Advisor Gary Geiler CAPSTONE PROJECT APPROVAL FORM I certify that I have read the Project of James Michael Sandburg entitled Challenges in Pension Reform, and that, in my opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality for the degree of Master of Public Administration at National University. Approved by: ______________________________________________Read MoreManhattan Beach Unified School District3304 Words   |  14 Pagesschool system. In this sense, Manhattan Beach Unified School District has faltered in the most profound sense, particularly at Mira Costa High School, which for the sake of pragmatism, I will focus my argument on. Monthly department meetings, school board meetings, and faculty meeting have resulted in little to no progress in creating a productive and successful graduating class as well as alumni network. Yes, Mira Costa is able to praise its alumni and use their success to create further media awareness

Promotion Strategies Free Essays

For many years I have been considering the idea of learning a foreign language: for example, Italian or Spanish. I was always interested in foreign languages and linguistics, especially in European languages of Latin origin. Besides, some of my far relatives have Italian roots and can speak Italian very good. We will write a custom essay sample on Promotion Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now I could hear this language occasionally since my childhood and was truly fascinated with its melodiousness and beauty. But, unfortunately, I did not have a good deal of free time for learning a second language when I was studying in high school, because I had to take care about my little brother. This summer when I was staying with my family in my home town, I saw an attractive bright advertisement in a local newspaper. This ad was informing people about opening new language learning facilities and inviting people to join the lessons. Unfortunately, the newspaper was a little old and I was late to enter the course. Nevertheless, to my mind, advertising in a newspaper was a good promotional idea, because it was necessary to attract attention of general public and inform target audience about opening the course. Three-four weeks later I bought a fresh newspaper and found there an article about that language school. The article was not only informing about opening some extra courses, but also presenting opinions of the students and interviews with some teachers. Publicity, as an element of promotional mix, was also quite successful technique, because a great deal of potential customers of such courses are young businessmen or officials, who plan to join international enterprises and are regular readers of newspapers. In addition, the author of the article gave detailed explanations as to the company’s discount policy. In particular, students and youth were offered up to 20% discount. Besides, those who could bring â€Å"a friend† as one more student of the course could receive extra 10% discount. Certainly, in such situation discounts are also among the most effective elements of sales promotion, because language courses can be interesting for students and even for teenagers, who can be financially embarrassed. Couple of days later I visited my favorite bookstore in the center of the city and saw there a promotion agent, who was distributing flyers and leaflets to potential students of the course. He also had a variety of other promotional materials: for example, he was giving a pen and a colorful notebook to the people, who were entering their names to his list and intended to join the course. Probably, this was a little less effective strategy, because there were not many people in the bookstore who could be really interested in language courses. But it was a good opportunity to talk to a representative of the school about the details of their programs. In addition, the company spent a lot of resources for advertising their services in Internet. An up-to-date site was created, which had all necessary information about the lessons and was quite easy to navigate.   Besides, I could see their banners and small ads on other local Internet sites, attracting attention of numerous Internet users. I suppose that this strategy could also bring good results, because nowadays everyone uses Internet and it is easy to reach potential customers through the web. Finally, there was one more very interesting promotional technique, which was directed not only on attracting new customers, but also on challenging and stimulating the students to achieve great success in learning languages. As I could learn from Internet site of the language school, they were going to award the best students of the courses with different prizes, including a trip to the West Rim of the Great Canyon. I suppose, this is one of the best promotional ideas, which can bring to very good outcomes. Unfortunately, I could not join the class of Italian because it would take me minimum three months to complete the first level. But I had to be back to university to continue my study. Nevertheless, it was an amazing opportunity for me to observe how different promotional strategies work and can be effective in this particular marketing environment. I have to admit that marketing specialists of the language school were very well qualified, and they managed to organize a very successful promotion campaign. Bibliography: PACE, Unit 15. (2001) Promotional Basics [Brochure]. The Center on Education and Training for Employment, The Ohio State University. OH: Columbus. How to cite Promotion Strategies, Essay examples

Alzheimers Disease and Parkinsonism †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Alzheimers Disease and Parkinsonism. Answer: Introduction: According to World Health Organization, the life expectancy has been increased dramatically in the last few decades. As evaluated by Union ministry of health and family welfare in India, the normal average lifespan is evaluated 69.6 years in 2011 to 2015. Whether the problem is to improve the quality of life for older adults not only the physical health but also the mental stability is an important issue (Dementia, Delirium, and Alzheimers Disease, 2017). For this purpose, various geriatric problems should be considered properly. In this report, a geriatric mental illness which is Alzheimers disease has been discussed. A German neurologist, Dr Alois Alzheimer, first discovered this problem in 1906. Alzheimers disease is now becoming a common disease in older adults where they are losing their standard of life (Journal of Alzheimers Disease and Parkinsonism, 2017). In this report, the process to diagnose this disease, the difference from other mental disorders, and pathophysiology of the disease, clinical course and treatments, ways to improve the life of the patient at home and in the hospital has been discussed briefly with relevant points. Alzheimers disease is a progressive disease where brain tissues of the patient degenerate, affects the memory of the patient. The patient becomes disabling to socially interact even loses the ability to think logically Alzheimers disease is common in about 1 out of 10 people over the age 65 years and about 1 out of 4 people among the people above 85 years (Alzheimers disease, 2017). To diagnose the Alzheimer disease in a patient properly, the study of symptoms of the disease and brain imaging should be used together. These are as follows: The change in awareness, perception and thinking in contrast to the previous condition of the patient is studied. This can be done by evaluating the data obtained from that patient or the persons very close to that patient and know the patient very well (Valenti, Pantoni Markus, 2014). Several assessments can be performed to check the functionality of one or more than one cognitive domains about the educational and cultural background and age of the patient. According to Bradshaw et al., (2013), in the case of detection of Alzheimer's disease, the change in several cognitive domains such as memory, ability to execute a function, communication skill, language, attention and ability to learn new things reduced drastically. The patient faces problem to finish the daily normal task and confused with the location or passing of time. Gradually the patient may lead to deprivation of the ability to social engagements or works actively (Pedersen, Larsen, Tysnes Alves, 2017). Brain imaging studies such as Computerized Tomography or CT scan produces images which show the cross-sectional view of the brain, which help to study the condition of the patient. MRI or Magnetic Resonance Imaging is very much preferred brain-imaging study to understand Alzheimers disease. Now the more advanced techniques such as Positron Emission Tomography or PET and functional MRI or fMRI is used to study the if the activity of the neuron cells is proper or not (James, Doraiswamy Borges-Neto, 2015). Though the above mentioned processes and tests to diagnose Alzheimers disease have been discussed, one can confirm that a patient is suffering from this disease is possible after the death of the patient, by examination of brain tissue (Richard, Schmand, Eikelenboom Van Gool, 2013). Differences among dementia, delirium and Alzheimers disease: There is a huge confusion that dementia and Alzheimer's disease are the same, but actually, there are some differences. As opined by Breitve et al., (2014), dementia is the brain disorder that affects the performance of daily routine activities and communication whereas Alzheimers disease is a form of or part of dementia, where the parts of the brain which controls memory, thought and language get affected. Thus it can be said that Dementia is the umbrella term, and Alzheimer's disease comes under it. Another difference between dementia and Alzheimers disease is- some forms of dementia are temporary and curable, such as dementia caused by vitamin deficiency and drug interaction. On the other hand, Alzheimers disease is a degenerative non-reversible disease which cannot be cured, and the condition worsens gradually. Delirium has a pattern of abrupt beginning, and it stays for a short duration. Delirium is a temporary condition and also curable, and the symptoms of it include disturbed sleep, jerky movements, anxiety, hallucination, confusion, change in mood, altered pulse rate and blood pressure. As discussed above, Alzheimers disease is totally different from it (Dementia, Delirium, and Alzheimers Disease, 2017). Pathophysiology of Alzheimers disease: As opined by Chen et al., (2015), Alzheimers disease is specified by the loss of neuron cells. It also includes synapses in cerebral cortex area and some specific subcortical regions. This abnormality results in immense atrophy of the transformed affected areas and also leads to degeneration of parietal lobe, temporal lobe, some parts of the cingulate gyrus and frontal cortex. Several studies show the formation of plaques around the neurones and outside of neurones also. Plaques are made up of insoluble beta-amyloid peptide and cellular materials (Jucker Walker, 2015). The presence of neurofibrillary tangles has been clearly observed in the brain tissue of the patient of Alzheimers disease. Aggregation of the microtubule associated Tau protein which gets phosphorylated and form tangles, gets accumulated inside the cells. Oxidative damage of neurones, the presence of Lewy bodies and cascade of inflammation are also associated with Alzheimers disease. Recent studies reveal that though there are presences of plaque and tangles in healthy older adults, the number of plaques and tangles are much greater in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer's disease, especially in the temporal lobe portion. According to Hroudov, Singh Fiar (2014), an increase of synthesis of beta-amyloid peptide is related directly to the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. The main component of plaque, the beta-amyloid peptide is the fragment of the larger Amyloid Precursor Protein or APP. This APP is a trans-membrane protein which invades the membrane of the neurones. APP plays a crucial role in survival, growth and post-injury restoration (Chen et al., 2015). In the case of Alzheimer's disease, beta secretase and gamma secretase act on APP and fragmented it into smaller parts. Prognosis of Alzheimers disease: Prognosis is the medical term that predicts the chance of a patient to survive. As opined by James et al., (2014), Alzheimers disease is not curable till now. A patient of Alzheimers disease survives about eight years in average after the first onset of the symptoms (Research and Prognosis on Alzheimer's Disease - Alzheimers Disease and other Cognitive Disorders, 2017). Sometimes persons with Alzheimers disease have been found to live between 3 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms, but it mainly depends on the age of the patient, severity and type of the other medical conditions. According to Ginis et al., (2017), a patient of this disease often die due to flu or pneumonia, on the other hand, they may die while all the bodily systems stop their activity. According to Castello, Jeppson Soriano (2014), there are three stages of Alzheimer's disease. The first stage is a mild stage or early stage, the second one is moderate, or middle stage and the last one is a severe or last stage. These stages are difficult to identify separately as most of the time they are overlapped and not very easy to distinguish the symptoms of different stages. The treatment depends on the stage and severity of the disease. Two types of drugs are used to treat Alzheimer's disease, i.e. Memantine and Cholinesterase inhibitor (Treatment - Mayo Clinic, 2017). It helps to treat moderate to severe stages of Alzheimers disease. It improves the brain cell communication network and reduces the progress of symptoms. It often used with a Cholinesterase inhibitor (Treatment - Mayo Clinic, 2017) Cholinesterase inhibitor drugs include donepezil or Aricept, galantamine or Razadyne, rivastigmine or Exelon, whereas; Aricept or donepezil is the only drug which is approved by FDA and used in all stages of Alzheimer's disease (Ginis et al., 2017). These drugs boost up neuron to neuron communication (by providing acetylcholine which is a neuro transmitter) which decreases in the brain-tissues of a patient of Alzheimers disease. These drugs are also helpful to reduce the symptoms of depression or agitation as well (Hroudov, Singh Fiar, 2014). It should be remembered that these medications cannot cure or stop the progress of Alzheimers disease; it can only help to lessen the symptoms. Safety intervention for Alzheimers Patient: According to Heller, Gibbons Fisher (2015), Alzheimer's disease is such type of condition where a patient needs full help at their home, and in the hospital, they need special care also. Some special care which should be followed in the hospital has been discussed below: Establishment of an effective communication system with a patient with great patience and also with the patient's family. Frequently examination of the vital conditions of the patient. Observe the patients food and fluid intake to determine the imbalances. Application of required medicines for this disease and the effect should be noted. If the patient has a problem to swallow the medicine, then the medicine should be crushed and mixed in a semi-soft food and then help the patient to intake it (Castello, Jeppson Soriano, 2014). Help the patient to maintain hygiene. Encourage the Alzheimers patient for some exercise under proper observation. There should be proper rest periods between exercises as the patients get easily tired. Proper emotional support should be given to the patient and the patients family. If the patient wants to live in patient's home, then some safety interventions should be applied there (Treatment - Mayo Clinic, 2017). The valuable and important things such as keys, mobile phones should be kept in the same place as the patient can find it easily. Encourage the patient to carry a mobile phone with the capability of location. Important phone numbers should be saved so that the patient can call someone in case of emergency. Use calendars and white boards at home which will help the patient to follow the daily schedules and the patient can also check if the daily routine has been performed or not (Jucker Walker, 2015). Sturdy handrails should be installed in bathrooms and on stairways. The patient should be taken to the bathrooms at specific time intervals and should be helped them to locate the bathroom. The number of mirrors should be reduced at home as a patient of Alzheimer's disease may be confused or frightened by the reflection in the mirror. The patient should be given independence as much as possible, but the safety of the patient should be ensured. These safety interventions will help to improve the quality of life of the patient. Conclusion: It is clear from the above discussion that with the increase of average life-span, Alzheimers disease is now an inevitable problem which is drawing the attention of medical professionals. It can be said though it is not curable; many types of research have been going on to find out a proper solution. Now, the main focus is to provide a healthy and standard life and provide the patient with a better way to live. It can be concluded that the best proposal to this disease is awareness, communication, engagement and loving care along with medication. Reference list: Alzheimers disease. (2017).NeuRA. Retrieved 5 May 2017, from https://www.neura.edu.au/health/alzheimers-disease/?gclid=CPHi2MyC1NMCFYMEaAodK9UBFA Breitve, M. H., Chwiszczuk, L. J., Hynninen, M. J., Rongve, A., Brnnick, K., Janvin, C., Aarsland, D. (2014). A systematic review of cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies versus Alzheimers disease. Alzheimer's research therapy, 6(5), 53. Burnham, S. 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